Class 12 English Core Previous Year Question Paper (2024) with Solutions

CBSE Class 12 English Core Chapter-wise Previous Years Questions (2024) with Solution

Class 12 English Core Question Paper (2024) – Solved Question papers from previous years are very important for preparing for the CBSE Board Exams. It works as a treasure trove. It helps to prepare for the exam precisely. One of key benefits of solving question papers from past board exams is their ability to help identify commonly asked questions. These papers are highly beneficial study resources for students preparing for the upcoming class 12th board examinations. Here we have compiled chapter-wise questions asked in all the sets of CBSE Class 12 English Core question paper (2024).

Flamingo Book

Chapter 1 – The Last Lesson

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

(a) For a moment I thought of running away and spending the day out of doors. It was so warm, so bright! The birds were chirping at the edge of the woods; and in the open field back of the sawmill the Prussian soldiers were drilling. It was all much more tempting than the rule for participles, but I had the strength to resist, and hurried off to school.

(i) List two sensory details present in the extract.

Ans. Warm and bright weather

Birds chirping at the edge of the woods

(ii) Why is the narrator tempted to spend the day out of doors?

Ans. The narrator is tempted because of the pleasant weather, the chirping birds, and the sight of Prussian soldiers drilling in the open field.

(iii) Complete the sentence appropriately.

I hurried off to school resisting _______________.

Ans. I hurried off to school resisting the temptation to skip the day and enjoy the outdoors.

(iv) Why does the narrator want to bunk school?

(A) He doesn’t like the teachers.

(B) He doesn’t like his classmates.

(D) He had forgotten to complete his homework.

Ans. (C) He wasn’t prepared for the test on participles.

(v) Which trait of the protagonist is revealed in the sentence ‘I had the strength to resits’?

(A) sincerity

(B) determination

(D) kindness

Ans. (B) determination

(vi) Which of the following headlines best suggests the central idea of the extract?

(A) The Drilling of Prussian Soldiers

(B) The Rule of Participles

(D) Out of Doors

Ans. (C) Strength to Resist

(b) I heard M. Hamel say to me, “I won’t scold you, little Franz : you must feel bad enough, see how it is ! Everyday we have said to ourselves. Bah! I’ve plenty of time I’ll learn it tomorrow. And now you see where we’ve come out. Ah, that’s the great trouble with Alsace; she puts off learning till tomorrow. Now those fellows out there will have the right to say to you. ‘How is it; you pretend to be Frenchmen, and yet you can neither speak nor write your own language?’ But, you are not the worst, poor little Franz. We’ve all a great deal to reproach ourselves with”.

(i) ‘And now you see where we’ve come out.’ The tone of M. Hamel in the above line is that of :

(A) kindness

(B) happiness

(D) enthusiasm

Ans. (C) regret

(ii) ‘We’ve all a great deal to reproach ourselves with.’

Select the option, which conveys the meaning of ‘reproach’ as reflected in the above line.

(A) The player received a reprimand for breach of rules.

(B) The students approached the management with a demand for new canteen.

(D) She could not find a way to broach the subject with her boss.

Ans. (A) The player received a reprimand for breach of rules.

(iii) State whether the following statement is true or false with reference to the extract.

Hamel endorses the belief that there is plenty of time to learn their language.

Ans. False

(iv) Complete the sentence appropriately.

‘You must feel bad enough.’ Through these words M. Hamel urges the people _______.

Ans. ‘You must feel bad enough.’ Through these words M. Hamel urges the people to realize the consequences of their procrastination and neglect of their language.

(v) Identify the line from the text that reinforces the theme of patriotism in the story.

Ans. “How is it; you pretend to be Frenchmen, and yet you can neither speak nor write your own language?”

(vi) She puts off learning till tomorrow. The phrase ‘puts off” suggests _____.

Ans. She puts off learning till tomorrow. The phrase “puts off suggests procrastination.

Question Answers

Q1. We miss a thing when we are in fear of losing it. Substantiate this statement with two examples from ‘The Last Lesson’, how the people in the story suddenly realised how precious their language was to them. [40-50 Words]

Ans. In ‘The Last Lesson,’ villagers regret not valuing their language when they learn it will no longer be taught. M. Hamel’s sorrowful farewell emphasizes the significance of their native tongue, which they had taken for granted.

Q2. What was more tempting for Franz than the rule for participles? Did he get tempted? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The idea of running away and spending the day outdoors was tempting. The birds were chirping and the open field behind which the Prussian soldiers were drilling was tempting but Franz resisted the temptation and went to school.

Q3. Why were the villagers seated in the back benches? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The villagers were seated at the back bench of the classroom to pay respect to M Hamel for forty years of service. They were there because it was his last day in the school.

Q4. What was the ‘thunderclap’ the narrator received as Hamel began the lesson? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The ‘thunderclap’ was the shock and realisation that this was the last French lesson he would ever attend, as he had not appreciated his education and now faced the loss due to the war.

Q5. Explain the inference that can be drawn from the line : “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons?” [40-50 Words]

Ans. The line suggests that the imposition of the German language on the French people is so complete that even the natural elements, like pigeons, would be forced to conform. It highlights the oppressive nature of the conquerors in erasing the local culture and language.

Q6. M. Hamel in ‘The Last Lesson’ and Gandhiji in ‘Indigo’ were both concerned about the state of education in the face of oppression. Write a speech to be shared with your peers on the importance of education. You may use cues from the two texts. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Good morning to one and all present here. Today, I stand before you to throw light upon the topic – Importance of education.

In the story titled ‘The Last Lesson’, we get to know about the importance of one’s mother tongue which is the key to freedom from slavery. M Hamel points out that if one is attached to one’s mother tongue, then he can escape the clutches of slavery. He also praises his native language – French and calls it the most logical and most beautiful language. The teacher is sad because now the students will no longer study the language. Schools in the districts of Alsace and Lorraine which were annexed by Prussia will now teach German language instead of French.

Even in the story ‘Indigo’ we see that Gandhiji wanted to uplift the peasants and requested volunteer teachers Mahadev Desai and Narhari Parikh and others. They opened primary schools in six villages.

Thus, we can conclude that education is empowering and crucial for becoming self-reliant.

Q7. Franz in “The Last Lesson” realizes the importance of going to school while Saheb in “Lost Spring” yearns to go to school. Write a paragraph exploring the different perspectives of these two young boys on learning and education. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Franz and Saheb offer contrasting perspectives on education that highlight the value and challenges of schooling. In “The Last Lesson,” Franz’s realization of the importance of school comes too late, as he is faced with the harsh reality of losing his opportunity to learn due to the German occupation. His regret underscores how education is often undervalued until it is threatened. Conversely, Saheb in “Lost Spring” yearns for school as a means of escape from the harsh life of rag-picking. His desire for education represents hope and a vision for a better future. Saheb’s longing illustrates how education is seen as a pathway to opportunity, reflecting its critical role in transforming lives. While Franz’s experience is shaped by loss and missed chances, Saheb’s perspective is driven by a yearning for change and improvement.

Q8. Imagine you are Mukund Padmanabhan (The Interview) and you interviewed M. Hamel, after he had finished delivering the last lesson (The Last Lesson). Write a paragraph on Hamel’s views on individual responsibility and nationalism. [120-150 Words]

Ans. It is an individual’s responsibility towards his nation, to protect its freedom. M hamel insists that an individual can retain his freedom and his country’s sovereignty if he is attached to the mother tongue. Hamel lays stress on the importance of one’s language which is a key to freedom from slavery. When Germany annexes two districts of France, it orders that German instead of French be taught in the schools. This order shows the importance of language and the enemy is trying to snatch the mother tongue from the people so that they can be enslaved. The language of a country plays a major role in display of nationalism because it s binding factor which runs through the fabric of the country.

Q9. Franz from ‘The Last Lesson’ and the peddler from ‘The Rattrap’ demonstrate the importance of learning from one’s mistakes and rising up to evolve as a better person.

Write an article based on the two texts on how a man evolves after learning from his mistakes. [120-150 Words]

Ans. In order to achieve success, it is crucial that we learn from our mistakes and improvise ourselves. In the story ‘The Last Lesson’ we see the young boy Franz who is shocked to know that it is his last lesson of French and that he will never get a chance to study it. This news transforms him and he develops a liking for studies. He starts admiring his teacher and acknowledges his dedication. That day Franz is able to understand all that is taught in the class. Similarly, we see the character of the peddler in the story ‘The Rattrap’. The peddler reacts to Edla’s selfless kindness and gets over his acts of petty thievery to be an army captain in the true sense. He does not want her to feel humiliated that she had considered him to be a gentleman. As a mark of acknowledgement of Edla’s kindness, the peddler returns the stolen money and requests her to hand it over to the old crofter.

Thus, we see that these two characters learnt precious lessons and incorporated them to become better versions of themselves.

Q10. While M. Hamel talks of language being the key to nationalism. Gandhi tells the court it is a ‘conflict of duties’. On the one hand, not to set a bad example as a law breaker, on the other hand, to render the humanitarian and national service. You get inspired and decide to write an article for a youth magazine urging the youth to dedicate themselves to the service, of the nation.

You may begin like this,

Youth plays an important role in the progress of the nation ……… [120-150 Words]

Ans. Youth plays an important role in the progress of the nation. Thus, it becomes their responsibility to ensure that they seek the progress of the nation alongwith their personal progress. One must remain attached to one’s mother tongue because it is the key to freedom from slavery. If we want to retain our freedom, then we must guard our native language. Also, we must be watchful that our acts are not against the law and also, we must try to help fellow citizens in their progress. As the saying goes, ‘United we stand, divided we fall’. All the people of the country must make a combined effort to shine and rise together in order to ensure the progress of the nation.

Also see:

The Last Lesson Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

The Last Lesson Summary, Explanation

The Last Lesson MCQs

The Last Lesson Character Sketches

Chapter 2 – Lost Spring Stories of Stolen Childhood

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

(a) They have lived here for more than thirty years without an identity, without permits but with ration cards that get their names on voters’ lists and enable them to buy grain. Food is more important for survival than identity. “If at the end of the day we can feed our families and go to bed without an aching stomach, we would rather live here than in the fields that gave us no grain,” say a group of women in tattered saris when I asked them why they left their beautiful land of green fields and rivers. Wherever they find food, they pitch their tents.

(i) The ragpickers have been living there for ____________ decades.

(A) three

(B) four

(D) five

Ans. (A) three

(ii) Why do these people have ration cards?

Ans. These people have ration cards to get their names on voters’ lists and enable them to buy grain.

(iii) What do you infer about their lifestyle from the phrase ‘pitch their tents’?

Ans. Their lifestyle is nomadic and transient, as they move frequently in search of food and shelter.

(iv) In spite of the hardships, they are not willing to go back to their homeland because__________.

Ans. they believe that finding food and feeding their families is more important than returning to their fields.

(v) The women had a/an __________ approach towards life.

(A) idealistic

(B) passive

(D) practical

Ans. (D) practical

(vi) What does the term ‘go to bed without an aching stomach’ indicate?

Ans. It indicates having enough food to eat and not going hungry.

(b) “Children grow up in them, becoming partners in survival. And survival in Seemapuri means rag-picking. Through the years, it has acquired the proportions of a fine art. Garbage to them is gold. It is their daily bread, a roof over their heads, even if it is a leaking roof. But for a child it is even more.”

(i) Complete the sentence appropriately.

Children become partners in survival suggests that ________.

Ans. they are deeply involved in the struggle for basic needs and livelihood, which is a part of their daily lives.

(ii) Rag-picking has acquired the proportion of a fine art means :

(A) artistic bend of mind is required.

(B) it has proportionately displaced art.

(D) it has discovered pieces of art.

Ans. (C) it has become a highly skilful activity.

(iii) State whether the given statement is True or False with reference to the extract.

The children and their parents have left Dhaka to live in Seemapuri.

Ans. False

(iv) Why does the author say ‘survival in Seemapuri means rag-picking’?

Ans. The author says this because rag-picking is the only means by which the people of Seemapuri can earn their livelihood and survive.

(v) What does the phrase “for a child it is even more” reveal about the children’s dreams?

Ans. It reveals that for children, rag-picking represents not just survival but also a loss of their innocence and dreams, as it becomes their whole world.

(vi) Which of the following headlines suggests the central idea of the extract?

(A) Seemapuri, A Pot of Gold

(B) Rag-picking – Different Perspectives

(D) Saheb-e-Alam in Seemapuri

Ans. (B) Rag-picking – Different Perspectives

(c) “Why do you do this?” I ask Saheb whom I encounter every morning scrounging for gold in the garbage dumps of my neighbourhood. Saheb left his home long ago. Set amidst the green fields of Dhaka, his home is not even a distant memory. There were many storms that swept away their fields and homes, his mother tells him. That’s why they left, looking for gold in the big city where he now lives.

“I have nothing else to do,” he mutters, looking away.

“Go to school,” I say glibly, realizing immediately how hollow the advice must sound.

“There is no school in my neighbourhood. When they build one, I will go.”

(i) Choose the correct option.

The expression ‘scrounging for gold’ refers to

(A) searching for gold items.

(B) looking for something that can fetch money.

(D) digging to find food to eat.

Ans. (B) looking for something that can fetch money.

(ii) The influence of nature in Saheb’s life was that it _______.

(A) brought prosperity

(B) yielded food for them

(D) brought disaster

Ans. (D) brought disaster

(iii) Complete the sentence with an appropriate word.

Saheb’s conversation with the narrator draws _____ of readers towards Saheb.

Ans. Saheb’s conversation with the narrator draws sympathy of readers towards Saheb.

(iv) Explain one inference that can be drawn from the line “…… realizing how hollow the advice must sound”.

Ans. The narrator understands that advising Saheb to go to school is impractical because there are no schools in his neighborhood, and his immediate need is survival.

(v) The expression ‘when they build one, I will go’ indicates Saheb’s _______ to go to school.

Ans. The expression ‘when they build one, I will go’ indicates Saheb’s willingness to go to school.

(vi) State whether the following statement is TRUE or FALSE.

‘… his home is not even a distant dream’ states that Saheb sees his home often in his dream.

Ans. FALSE

Question Answers

Q1. Explain the sentence “an army of barefoot boys who appear like the morning birds and disappear at noon.” [40-50 Words]

Ans. The sentence describes the children who come to school early in the morning, much like birds that appear at dawn, and leave by midday, highlighting their transient presence and the daily routine of rag-picking.

Q2. Why is Mukesh’s dream compared to a mirage? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Mukesh’s dream of becoming a motor mechanic is compared to a mirage because it seems distant and unattainable due to his impoverished background and the limited opportunities available to him in the oppressive environment of Firozabad.

Q3. In spite of the conditions prevailing in Seemapuri, children like Saheb and Mukesh are not devoid of hope. How far do you agree? [40-50 Words]

Ans. I agree with the statement. In the story we see the ragpicker boy named Saheb-e-Alam who wants to go to school, play tennis and wants a pair of shoes. All these wishes indicate his ambitions. He has desires which shows that he has hopes that they will get fulfilled. Another young boy named Mukesh dares to dream and become a mechanic. He dares to pursue a profession which is different from the traditional family occupation of bangle-making.

Q4. When I sense a flash of it in Mukesh, I am cheered. How is Mukesh’s attitude of life different from that of his family and friends? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Mukesh’s attitude is different because he dreams of becoming a car mechanic, whereas his family and friends are resigned to their fate of working in the bangle-making industry. His desire to break free from the cycle of poverty and pursue a different path gives hope.

Q5. Franz in “The Last Lesson” realizes the importance of going to school while Saheb in “Lost Spring” yearns to go to school. Write a paragraph exploring the different perspectives of these two young boys on learning and education. [120-150 Words]

Q6. Compose an oral presentation to be shared with your peers on what Gandhi’s advice (Indigo) would be to the bangle makers of Firozabad (Lost Spring). [120-150 Words]

Ans. Gandhi would advice the bangle-makers to come together and involve in non-cooperation. We see that he employed peaceful means like non-cooperation and self rule to put the idea forward that Indians would not tolerate being ordered around in their own land. Similarly, the bangle-makers should also unite and take steps against the nexus of politicians and money lenders. They must get the weapon of education which will enable them on the path of self reliance and self dependence.

Q7. ‘A Roadside Stand’ and ‘Lost Spring’ depict two contrasting worlds existing in society.

Justify this statement with reference to the poem ‘A Roadside Stand’ and the text ‘The Lost Spring’.

You may begin.

social satire in the two texts portrays two contrasting worlds that exist in society. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Contrasting Worlds in ‘A Roadside Stand’ and ‘Lost Spring’

Social satire in the two texts portrays two contrasting worlds that exist in society. In ‘A Roadside Stand’, the poet highlights the plight of rural people who set up a stand by the roadside, hoping to earn a living from passing city dwellers. Their aspirations and struggles reflect the stark contrast between urban prosperity and rural poverty.

In ‘Lost Spring’, the focus shifts to the harsh realities faced by children like Mukesh and Saheb, who are trapped in a cycle of poverty and labor. Their dreams and aspirations are crushed by the socio-economic conditions they live in.

These contrasting worlds show the disparity in opportunities, living conditions, and the dreams of people from different strata of society. While one group struggles for basic survival, the other enjoys the fruits of progress and development. Addressing these disparities is crucial for a just and equitable society.

Q8. ‘Lost Spring’ and ‘Indigo’ highlight the apathy of society and exploitation by those in power. Elaborate. [120-150 Words]

Ans. In both the stories we see how the men in power try to exploit the underprivileged. In Lost Spring story one, we see that the ragpickers who have migrated from Bangladesh have settled in a slum colony called Seemapuri. They have access to ration cards only because these enable them to vote for the politicians who lure them with free supplies of small amount of ration every month. Other than this, no one ever bothers about the inhuman conditions in which these slum dwellers live. In the second story we see the bangle-makers of Firozabad who are involved in the traditional work which is harmful for their health and does not fetch enough money too. However, these people have accepted this as their fate and do not dare to break the vicious trap of politicians and money lenders. In the story titled Indigo we see the historical event wherein the poor peasants of Champaran were exploited by the British landowners. The peasants were forced to plant indigo and had to pay entire crop as rent. They even had to pay a compensation. This entire system was crushing the poor peasants who did not have a voice.

Thus, both the stories reflect the societal attitude of exploitation of the poor.

Q9. She gave a little cry of joy. She found a small rattrap, … (The Rattrap)

Saheb-e-Alam received a pair of discarded shoes with a hole in one of them. In spite of this he was very happy.

Compare the joy that both Edla and Saheb experience after receiving their respective gifts. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Edla and Saheb, though from different backgrounds, experience similar joy from receiving gifts that symbolize kindness and hope.

Edla, in “The Rattrap,” is overjoyed to find a small rattrap left by the peddler, along with a note and money he had stolen. This gift represents the peddler’s transformation and redemption, brought about by Edla’s kindness. Her joy stems from witnessing the positive change her compassion has inspired.

Saheb, in “Lost Spring,” receives a pair of discarded shoes with a hole in one of them. Despite the shoes being imperfect, Saheb’s joy is immense because they represent a rare luxury in his impoverished life. The shoes give him a sense of dignity and a small escape from his harsh reality.

Both Edla and Saheb find happiness in these simple gifts because they carry deeper meanings of hope, transformation, and the human capacity for kindness.

Q10. Where the peasants are so crushed and fear-stricken, law courts are useless. The real relief for them is to be free from fear (Indigo). The people of Firozabad (Lost Spring) are fear stricken to form a cooperative as there is a vicious circle of middlemen, politicians etc. These exploiters don’t allow them to take any initiative. You agree that fear is the worst deterrent factor in one’s life.

As a motivational speaker, give a speech advising students how to overcome fear and lead a successful life. Use material from the two texts to support your views.

You may begin like this.

Dear Students,

The emotion of fear will always interfere and interrupt your path to success …… [120-150 Words]

Ans. Dear Students,

The emotion of fear will always interfere and interrupt your path to success. When someone instils fear in us, he wants to fulfil some unlawful targets which will lead to our exploitation. Thus, we have to remain away from such traps and also be alert to identify potential traps. In the story Lost Spring we see the poor oppressed bangle makers who live in utter poverty and accept it as their fate but are so fear-sticken that they do not form a co-operative due to the fear of the politicians and money lenders. They do not dare to do some other work also because they are trapped by these exploiters. Sometimes, people can blackmail us to get their ransom. In such cases, we must not remain cocooned but we need to discuss the issue with our kin or even raise the matter with our parents and teachers. While being fearless, one must be rational and practical too. One must be able to judge and identify if the fear is real of if someone is instilling the fear only to fulfil his motives. The poor peasants of Champaran get rid of their fear when they realize they are strong in number and have the support of outsiders like Gandhiji as well as the local lawyers. This empowers them and they are able to speak up for their rights.

Also see:

Lost Spring Stories of Stolen Childhood Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

Lost Spring Stories of Stolen Childhood Summary, Explanation

Lost Spring Stories of Stolen Childhood MCQs

Lost Spring Stories of Stolen Childhood Character Sketches

Chapter 3 – Deep Water

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

My introduction to the Y.M.C.A. swimming pool revived unpleasant memories and stirred childish fears. But in a little while I gathered confidence. I paddled with my new water wings, watching the other boys and trying to learn by aping them. I did this two or three times on different days. (Deep Water)

(i) Identify the phrase from the given extract that bears evidence to the fact that the narrator’s association with ‘childish fears’ was not a recent one.

Ans. “Revived unpleasant memories and stirred childish fears.”

(ii) How does the writer try to learn it? Mention any two ways.

Ans. The writer tries to learn by paddling with water wings and watching and imitating the other boys.

(iii) What did the Y.M.C.A. pool bring back to Douglas?

(A) Unpleasant memories

(B) Memory of a boat

(D) Memory of his visit to the Yakima River

Ans. (A) Unpleasant memories

(iv) The two emotions of Douglas mentioned in the given extract are ______ and __________.

Ans. confidence and fear

(v) Why did Douglas ape the other boys?

Ans. Douglas aped the other boys to learn how to swim by observing and mimicking their techniques.

(vi) The writing style of the extract is autobiographical because ___________ .

Ans. it recounts the personal experiences and emotions of the narrator, providing a first person perspective on overcoming fear.

Question Answers

Q1. “I was frightened, but not yet frightened out of my wits.” Says Douglas. Which qualities of the speaker are highlighted in the above statement? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The statement highlights Douglas’s courage and determination. Despite being scared, he remains composed and fights to overcome his fear, demonstrating resilience and the will to face challenges.

Q2. “Father laughed, but there was terror in my heart.” What does the above statement speak of the father? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The father’s laughter shows his ignorance of the danger his son is experiencing. He sees the situation as a joke, while the son is genuinely terrified, indicating a lack of understanding and empathy from the father.

Q3. The persistent determination of both Raj Kumar Shukla in “Indigo” and Douglas in “Deep Water” reflects a strong will to overcome challenges and achieve one’s goal. Elaborate with reference to the texts. [120-150 Words]

Ans. In the story titled Indigo, we see the poor peasant named Raj Kumar Shukla who is determined to take along Gandhiji to Champaran, who he believes will get them justice. His persistence forces Gandhiji to accompany him which larks the start of Gandhiji’s involvement in India’s freedom struggle. Thus, we see Raj Kumar Shukla’s immense contribution in India’s freedom struggle.

In the other story titled Deep Water, we get to know of William Douglas’s childhood fear of water. He had a great desire to swim in water bodies which led him to overcome the fear. He gives us an important message that fear only lies in one’s mind and with determination and persistence, he was able to overcome this fear.

Thus, both the characters give the message that determination can help us achieve the unachieveable.

Q4. “Well I’ll be a manager then – yes, of course – to begin with.” (Going Places)

Sophie (Going Places) lives in a world of fantasy. Douglas (Deep Water) faces reality and realises the importance of learning how to swim. Analyse based on the two texts the importance of doing things rather than mere dreaming.

Write an article on how the youth of today must inculcate an attitude of doing rather than dreaming.

You may begin –

The youth today must …… [120-150 Words]

Ans. The youth today must realize the importance of actions. Let us not undermine the importance of planning but execution is irreplaceable. At times, we end up overthinking due to which we get sluggish and miss the opportunity to act. In the story Going Places we see the character of Sophie. She is a dreamer and ends up daydreaming. Sophie just talks about her fantasies which are unreal and irrelevant in her real life. Thus, the fantasies only help her weave a dreamy world which is quiet opposed to her grim reality. On the opposite, the character of William Douglas shows us to be practical. William wants to fulfil his wish of swimming in natural waters and so, he decides to overcome the fear. He is determined and gets rid of the fear. Thus, we see how action-oriented approach leads him to success and achievement of goals.

Also see:

Deep Water Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

Deep Water Summary, Explanation

Deep Water MCQs

Deep Water Character Sketches

Chapter 4 – The Rattrap

Q1. What did the peddler say in his defence when it was clear that he was not the person the ironmaster thought him to be? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The peddler explained that he never pretended to be the ironmaster’s friend. It was the ironmaster who assumed his identity, and he merely went along with it out of necessity and desperation.

Q2. The lesson ‘The Rattrap’ is both entertaining and philosophical. Do you agree with the statement? Give reasons. [40-50 Words]

Ans. Yes, the lesson is entertaining through its engaging narrative of the peddler’s adventures and philosophical in its exploration of themes like redemption, the nature of human kindness, and the transformative power of selflessness.

Q3. Franz from ‘The Last Lesson’ and the peddler from ‘The Rattrap’ demonstrate the importance of learning from one’s mistakes and rising up to evolve as a better person.

Write an article based on the two texts on how a man evolves after learning from his mistakes. [120-150 Words]

Thus, we see that these two characters learnt precious lessons and incorporated them to become better versions of themselves.

Q4. She gave a little cry of joy. She found a small rattrap, … (The Rattrap)

Saheb-e-Alam received a pair of discarded shoes with a hole in one of them. In spite of this he was very happy. (Lost Spring)

Compare the joy that both Edla and Saheb experience after receiving their respective gifts. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Edla and Saheb, though from different backgrounds, experience similar joy from receiving gifts that symbolize kindness and hope.

Both Edla and Saheb find happiness in these simple gifts because they carry deeper meanings of hope, transformation, and the human capacity for kindness.

Also see:

The Rattrap Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

The Rattrap Summary, Explanation

The Rattrap MCQs

The Rattrap Character Sketches

Chapter 5 – Indigo

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

(a) Their spontaneous demonstration, in thousands, around the courthouse was the beginning of their liberation from fear of the British.

The officials felt powerless without Gandhi’s cooperation. He helped them regulate the crowd. He was polite and friendly. He was giving them concrete proof that their might, hitherto dreaded and unquestioned, could be challenged by Indians.

The government was baffled. The prosecutor requested the judge to postpone the trial. Apparently, the authorities wished to consult their superiors.

(i) The result of the demonstration was that _________.

Ans. the trial was postponed.

(ii) The participants of the spontaneous demonstration were :

(A) Gandhi’s lawyers

(B) people of Champaran.

(D) Indian soldiers.

Ans. (B) people of Champaran.

(iii) Gandhi cooperated with the British by :

(A) not going to the court.

(B) remaining quiet when he was accused.

(D) leaving Champaran for Delhi.

Ans. (C) helping to manage the mob of people.

(iv) The statement ‘Apparently, the authorities wished to consult their superiors’ was indicative of the Britisher’s __________.

Ans. uncertainty and need for higher approval.

(v) With reference to the extract, the word ‘baffled’ most nearly means :

(A) strengthened.

(B) disgusted.

(D) confused.

Ans. (D) confused.

(vi) Whose ‘might’ did this demonstration question?

Ans. The British authorities’ might.

(b) This settlement was adopted unanimously by the commission. Gandhi explained that the amount of the refund was less important than the fact that the landlords had been obliged to surrender part of the money and, with it, part of their prestige. Therefore, as far as the peasants were concerned, the planters had behaved as lords above the law. Now the peasant saw that he had rights and defenders. He learned courage.

(i) What was Gandhi’s purpose in agreeing to the settlement, even at a lesser amount?

Ans. Gandhi agreed to the settlement to demonstrate that the landlords were not above the law and to restore the peasants’ rights and self-respect.

(ii) Complete the sentence with one word :

The commission agreed by common consent, or in other words, they agreed to the settlement ___________.

Ans. unanimously.

(iii) Explain the impact on the landlords as a result of the settlement.

Ans. The settlement forced the landlords to surrender part of their money and prestige, making them acknowledge the peasants’ rights and reducing their dominance.

(iv) Based on the content provided in the extract, select the most likely option about the behaviour of the landlords.

(A) The landlords were sorry for their behaviour.

(B) The landlords were obstinate and refused Gandhi’s suggestion.

(D) The landlords and the planters became partners in the Indigo plantation.

Ans. (C) The landlords had to refund the money.

(v) What did the peasants realize from the Champaran incident?

Ans. The peasants realized that they had rights and defenders and that they could challenge unjust practices and demand fair treatment.

(vi) Complete the sentence appropriately.

The phrase ‘lords above the law’ suggests that ___________.

Ans. the landlords considered themselves superior and not accountable to legal or ethical standards.

(c) They thought he would demand repayment in full of the money which they had illegally and deceitfully extorted from the sharecroppers. He asked only 50 percent. “There he seemed adamant”, writes Reverend J.Z. Hodge, a British missionary in Champaran, who observed the entire episode at close range. “Thinking probably that he would not give way, the representatives of the planters offered to refund to the extent of 25 percent, and to his amazement Mr. Gandhi took him at his words thus breaking the deadlock.”

(i) Choose the correct option

“Then he seemed adamant,’ reflects Gandhi’s trait of being

(A) arrogant

(B) uncompromising

(D) courageous

Ans. (B) uncompromising

(ii) _________ deceitfully extorted from the sharecroppers.

The status of sharecroppers as inferred from the above line is

(A) law abiding citizens

(B) followers of Gandhi

(D) contract labourers

Ans. (C) victims of exploitation

(iii) Complete the following sentence :

Gandhi surprised them by ______.

Ans. Gandhi surprised them by accepting the 25 percent refund offer instead of insisting on 50 percent.

(iv) The inference that can be drawn from the line “Mr. Gandhi took him at his word” is _______.

Ans. The inference that can be drawn from the line “Mr. Gandhi took him at his word” is Gandhi’s willingness to compromise to achieve a solution and break the deadlock.

(v) ‘Deadlock’ in the last line means ____________.

Ans. ‘Deadlock’ in the last line means a situation where no progress can be made due to disagreement.

(vi) What do we infer about the attitude of planters towards sharecroppers?

Ans. The planters’ attitude towards sharecroppers was exploitative and deceitful, as they had been extorting money from them.

Question Answers

Q1. Why did Gandhi say : “Freedom from fear is more important than legal justice for the poor”? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Gandhi believed that overcoming fear was essential for the poor to assert their rights and demand justice. He felt that legal justice alone was insufficient without the courage to fight against oppression and exploitation.

Q2. Rajkumar Shukla in ‘Indigo’ decided to take up the cause of the peasants and raise his voice against injustice. The bangle makers were a stark contrast and accepted their plight of oppression because of tradition and caste. Write a comparative analysis of the two

different attitudes towards unjust domination. [120-150 Words]

Ans. In the story Lost Spring we see the poor oppressed bangle makers who live in utter poverty and accept it as their fate but are so fear-sticken that they do not form a co-operative due to the fear of the politicians and money lenders. Thus, they remain trapped and will never come out of it until and unless they overcome the fear and determine to take a step towards a better future.

Rajkumar Shukla is a poor peasant of Champaran and like the others of his lot, he too is crushed under the oppressive landowners. However, still he gathers the courage and determination to speak up against the injustice. It is his determination which leads Gandhiji to get involved in the Champaran movement and thus, mark the onset of his involvement in India’s freedom struggle. The poor peasants of Champaran get rid of their fear when they realize they are strong in number and have the support of outsiders like Gandhiji as well as the local lawyers. This empowers them and they are able to speak up for their rights.

Thus the two stories present a contrast in the way the oppressed behaved. It is this contrast in behaviour which determined their future. We can conclude that our actions determine our fate and destiny, we have to act and must not leave everything to God as the maxim goes – ‘God helps those who help themselves.’

Q3. M. Hamel in ‘The Last Lesson’ and Gandhiji in ‘Indigo’ were both concerned about the state of education in the face of oppression. Write a speech to be shared with your peers on the importance of education. You may use cues from the two texts. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Good morning to one and all present here. Today, I stand before you to throw light upon the topic – Importance of education.

Thus, we can conclude that education is empowering and crucial for becoming self-reliant.

Q4. The persistent determination of both Raj Kumar Shukla in “Indigo” and Douglas in “Deep Water” reflects a strong will to overcome challenges and achieve one’s goal. Elaborate with reference to the texts. [120-150 Words]

Ans. In the story titled Indigo, we see the poor peasant named Raj Kumar Shukla who is determined to take along Gandhiji to Champaran, who he believes will get them justice. His persistence forces Gandhiji to accompany him which larks the start of Gandhiji’s involvement in India’s freedom struggle. Thus, we see Raj Kumar Shukla’s immense contribution in India’s freedom struggle.

Thus, both the characters give the message that determination can help us achieve the unachieveable.

Q5. Compose an oral presentation to be shared with your peers on what Gandhi’s advice (Indigo) would be to the bangle makers of Firozabad (Lost Spring). [120-150 Words]

Ans. Gandhi would advice the bangle-makers to come together and involve in non-cooperation. We see that he employed peaceful means like non-cooperation and self rule to put the idea forward that Indians would not tolerate being ordered around in their own land. Similarly, the bangle-makers should also unite and take steps against the nexus of politicians and money lenders. They must get the weapon of education which will enable them on the path of self reliance and self dependence.

Q6. Wars with gas, wars with fire,

Victory with no survivors. (Keeping Quiet)

Pablo Neruda in the above lines, highlights the futility of war. Gandhi also brought about the change in the plight of the Champaran sharecroppers through civil disobedience and not

violence.

Write an article on the importance of peace and the right way to resolve issues. [120-150 Words]

Ans. War cannot be the solution or harbinger of peace because war leads to death and destruction. We need to keep this in mind when we seek a solution to issues of unlawful possession and invasion. Several world leaders have emphasised on the importance of peaceful means to attain freedom. Gandhi was one of the noted leaders who advocated civil disobedience as an effective means to attain liberty. It simply means to disobey the orders and rules laid down by the authorities who are not bestowed with such rights but have snatched them in order to fulfil their selfish goals and to oppress the people of the land. Even the poet Pablo Neruda, in the poem titled Keeping Quiet says that wars are wasteful as they lead to trucksful of death.

Thus, we can conclude that war cannot be the solution to any issue. We must seek other means like advocating home rule and civil disobedience which promote non-violence.

Q7. ‘Lost Spring’ and ‘Indigo’ highlight the apathy of society and exploitation by those in power. Elaborate. [120-150 Words]

Thus, both the stories reflect the societal attitude of exploitation of the poor.

Q8. While M. Hamel talks of language being the key to nationalism. Gandhi tells the court it is a ‘conflict of duties’. On the one hand, not to set a bad example as a law breaker, on the other hand, to render the humanitarian and national service. You get inspired and decide to write an article for a youth magazine urging the youth to dedicate themselves to the service, of the nation.

You may begin like this,

Youth plays an important role in the progress of the nation ……… [120-150 Words]

Ans. Youth plays an important role in the progress of the nation. Thus, it becomes their responsibility to ensure that they seek the progress of the nation alongwith their personal progress. One must remain attached to one’s mother tongue because it is the key to freedom from slavery. If we want to retain our freedom, then we must guard our native language. Also, we must be watchful that our acts are not against the law and also, we must try to help fellow citizens in their progress. As the saying goes, ‘United we stand, divided we fall’. All the people of the country must make a combined effort to shine and rise together in order to ensure the progress of the nation.

Q9. Where the peasants are so crushed and fear-stricken, law courts are useless. The real relief for them is to be free from fear (Indigo). The people of Firozabad (Lost Spring) are fear stricken to form a cooperative as there is a vicious circle of middlemen, politicians etc. These exploiters don’t allow them to take any initiative. You agree that fear is the worst deterrent factor in one’s life.

As a motivational speaker, give a speech advising students how to overcome fear and lead a successful life. Use material from the two texts to support your views.

You may begin like this.

Dear Students,

The emotion of fear will always interfere and interrupt your path to success …… [120-150 Words]

Ans. Dear Students,

Also see:

Indigo Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

Indigo Summary, Explanation

Indigo MCQs

Indigo Character Sketches

Chapter 6 – Poets and Pancakes

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

Then the poet spoke. He couldn’t have addressed a more dazed and silent audience – no one knew what he was talking about and his accent defeated any attempt to understand what he was saying. The whole thing lasted about an hour ; then the poet left and we all dispersed in utter bafflement – What are we doing? What is an English poet doing in a film studio which makes Tamil films for the simplest sort of people? People whose lives least afforded them the possibility of cultivating a taste for English poetry. The poet looked pretty baffled too, for he must have felt the sheer incongruity of his talk about the thrills and travails of an English poet. His visit remained an unexplained mystery.

(i) Choose the correct option :

The reason for the bewilderment of the audience is

(A) unknown identity of the visitor.

(B) that the speaker had not been introduced to them.

(D) that they did not understand English.

Ans. (C) the visit of an English poet to a Tamil film studio.

(ii) By ‘thrills and travails” the author refers to

(A) joy and happiness

(B) interest and aspiration

(D) shocks and surprises

Ans. (C) excitement and pain

(iii) Explain one inference that can be drawn from the line, “He could not have addressed a more dazed and silent audience”.

Ans. The audience was completely unengaged and bewildered, not understanding the relevance or content of the poet’s speech.

(iv) The failure of the speaker to connect with the audience with reference to the extract is his _______.

Ans. The failure of the speaker to connect with the audience with reference to the extract is his unfamiliarity with the audience’s background and context.

(v) What information in the extract reveals the fact that the people have no exposure other than to their own circle?

Ans. The audience’s bafflement at the poet’s talk and their lack of understanding of English poetry indicate their limited exposure beyond their local culture and interests.

(vi) State whether the following statement is TRUE or FALSE.

The audience were enthralled by the poet’s impressive speech.

Ans. FALSE

Question Answers

Q1. What does ‘The God That Failed’ refer to? [40-50 Words]

Ans. ‘The God That Failed’ was a compilation of six essays written by six eminent writers, namely, Andre Gide, Richard Wright, Ignazio Silone, Arthur Koestler, Louis Fischer and Stephen Spender. In each of the essays, the respective writers described «their journeys into Communism and their disillusioned return”.

Q2. How was there a great deal of national integration in the make-up department? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The make-up department at the studio had a diverse group of people from different regions and backgrounds working together. This interaction and collaboration fostered a sense of national unity and integration among the workers.

Q3. Stephen Spender’s visit to the Gemini Studios was viewed as an unexplained mystery by the Gemini family. How did Asokamitran solve this mystery years later? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Asokamitran solved the mystery by discovering Stephen Spender’s identity through a chance encounter with a book review in a periodical. He learned that Spender was a renowned poet and editor, explaining his visit to Gemini Studios.

Also see:

Poets and Pancakes Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

Poets and Pancakes Summary, Explanation

Poets and Pancakes MCQs

Poets and Pancakes Character Sketches

Chapter 7 – The Interview

Q1. What according to Umberto Eco is the belief that most journalists and publishers have? [40-50 Words]

Ans. According to Umberto Eco, most journalists believe their work is a form of creative writing. They see themselves as narrators shaping reality and public perception through their storytelling skills.

Q2. Umberto Eco has a formidable reputation as a novelist after the success of ‘The Name of the Rose’. Why does he still have apprehensions of being called a novelist? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Umberto Eco considered himself an academic who wrote novels as a hobby. Despite gaining a lot of fame through his novel ‘The Name of the Rose’, he had apprehensions being called a novelist because only a small percentage of readers had read his book. He identified himself with the academic community than with pen clubs and writers.

Q3. Did Umberto Eco like to be identified as a novelist? Give reasons in support of your answer. [40-50 Words]

Ans. No, Umberto Eco did not primarily want to be identified as a novelist. He considered himself a scholar and a semiotician, and his work in literature was an extension of his academic interests in signs, symbols, and communication.

Q4. What do you understand by “interstices”? How does Umberto Eco utilize his interstices? [40-50 Words]

Ans. ‘Interstices’ refer to the small gaps or intervals of time between major tasks. Umberto Eco utilizes these interstices effectively by writing and conducting research during these brief periods, thus maximizing his productivity and output.

Q5. What evidence from the text reveals that Rudyard Kipling did not walk the talk? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The evidence is that Kipling’s own son was not allowed to read his works despite Kipling’s public persona of advocating for children’s literature and education. This contradiction between his public statements and private actions shows he did not practice what he preached.

Q6. Imagine you are Mukund Padmanabhan (The Interview) and you interviewed M. Hamel, after he had finished delivering the last lesson (The Last Lesson). Write a paragraph on Hamel’s views on individual responsibility and nationalism. [120-150 Words]

Q7. Umberto Eco (The Interview) has a talk with Danny Casey from the story “Going Places”. Danny, being a football prodigy, feels his popularity may affect his game as he can’t devote much time to it. What advice will Umberto Eco give Danny about time management? Write a paragraph on the interaction between the two and the advice given by Umberto Eco. [120-150 Words]

Ans. In their conversation, Umberto Eco would likely advise Danny Casey on the importance of structured time management to balance his professional commitments and personal life. Eco, known for his prolific writing and academic work, would suggest that Danny create a detailed schedule that allocates specific time slots for practice, games, and public appearances, while also ensuring time for rest and personal interests. Eco might highlight the importance of prioritizing tasks, delegating responsibilities when possible, and setting boundaries to protect his time from being consumed entirely by public demands. By managing his time effectively, Danny can maintain his performance on the field while also enjoying the benefits of his popularity without feeling overwhelmed. Eco’s advice would focus on finding a sustainable balance that allows Danny to excel both as an athlete and a public figure, emphasizing the significance of discipline and strategic planning in achieving long-term success.

Also see:

The Interview Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

The Interview Summary, Explanation

The Interview MCQs

The Interview Character Sketches

Chapter 8 – Going Places

Q1. What inference can you draw about Sophie’s relationship with her father from the story ‘Going Places’? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Sophie’s relationship with her father is strained and distant. He dismisses her dreams as unrealistic, showing a lack of support and understanding. This suggests a gap between her aspirations and his practical mindset.

Q2. Does Sophie’s father believe her story of meeting Danny Casey? Discuss. [40-50 Words]

Ans. No, he does not believe Geoff when he tells him that Sophie had met Danny Casey. He says that it was another of Sophie’s wild stories which would one day lead her into a lot of trouble.

Q3. Bring out the contrast between Jansie and Sophie in the story ‘Going Places’. [40-50 Words]

Ans. Jansie is practical and realistic, concerned about the future and societal expectations, while Sophie is dreamer and imaginative, living in a world of fantasies and unrealistic ambitions, which leads to a contrast in their perspectives on life.

Q4. ‘Resignation was no sudden thing.’ What is the implication of this remark in the context of Sophie’s character? 40-50 Words]

Ans. The remark implies that Sophie’s acceptance of her reality was gradual and reluctant. Sophie often daydreams about a glamorous life far removed from her mundane existence. Her resignation to her real situation reflects her gradual realization that her fantasies may never come true, highlighting her inner conflict between dreams and reality.

Q5. ‘Soaf, you really should be sensible !’ What does Jansie’s advice to her friend Sophie reveal about their friendship? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Jansie’s advice to Sophie reveals that she cares for her friend and is practical and grounded. She tries to protect Sophie from getting carried away by unrealistic dreams, showing a sense of responsibility and concern in their friendship.

Q6. ‘Jansie, knowing they were both earmarked for the biscuit factory, became melancholy’.

What inference about Jansie’s character is drawn from the above line? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Jansie is realistic and resigned to her fate. She knows that she and Sophie are destined for mundane jobs in the biscuit factory and does not indulge in unrealistic dreams, unlike Sophie.

Q8. After reading ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tiger’ and ‘Going Places’, you realise that Aunt Jennifer and Sophie’s mother have been subdued by their respective husbands.

As a social activist you have to write an article to a newspaper on the need to empower women.

You may begin like this.

Empowerment of women is a very essential social reform. It needs to be accelerated for any nation to progress ……… [120-150 Words]

Ans. Empowerment of Women: A Vital Social Reform

Empowerment of women is a very essential social reform. It needs to be accelerated for any nation to progress. Women like Aunt Jennifer and Sophie’s mother have been subdued by societal norms and their husbands’ dominance. This highlights the urgent need to empower women to break free from such constraints.

Empowering women means providing them with education, economic independence, and equal opportunities. It involves changing societal attitudes that perpetuate gender discrimination and encouraging women to assert their rights. By doing so, women can contribute significantly to society’s growth and development.

Creating awareness, implementing supportive policies, and fostering an environment of respect and equality are crucial steps towards women’s empowerment. Let us work together to ensure that every woman can live with dignity, freedom, and equal opportunities.

Q9. “Well I’ll be a manager then – yes, of course – to begin with.” (Going Places)

Write an article on how the youth of today must inculcate an attitude of doing rather than dreaming.

You may begin –

The youth today must …… [120-150 Words]

Also see:

Going Places Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

Going Places Summary, Explanation

Going Places MCQs

Going Places Character Sketches

Flamingo Book – Poems

Poem 1 – My Mother at Sixty Six

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

(a) I saw my mother,

beside me,

doze, open mouthed, her face

ashen like that

of a corpse and realized with

pain

that she was as old as she

looked but soon

put that thought away, and

looked out at Young

Trees sprinting, the merry children spilling

out of their homes.

(i) The phrase ‘ashen like that of a corpse’ gives the impression that the mother is

(A) frustrated

(B) depressed

(D) weak

Ans. (D) weak

(ii) State whether the following statement is True or False, with reference to the extract.

“The mother was suffering from some fatal disease.”

Ans. False

(iii) Which of the following themes is best represented in the given extract?

(A) Life is short and one must enjoy it

(B) Ageing and Mortality

(D) Art of Parenting

Ans. (B) Ageing and Mortality

(iv) Pick the option in which the word ‘spilling’ is used in the same sense as in the extract.

(A) Rahul was responsible for spilling the beans by telling everyone the secret.

(B) He opened the bag, spilling all its contents on the table.

(D) The cat spilled all the milk.

Ans. (C) Try to keep that crowd from spilling onto the main street.

(v) The phrases ‘Young Trees sprinting’ and ‘merry children spilling’ represent :

(A) Youth

(B) Old age

(D) Travel

Ans. (A) Youth

(vi) Complete the sentence appropriately.

‘She was as old as she looked.’

The repetition of the word ‘as’ suggests that ___________.

Ans. the poet is emphasizing the reality and the undeniable truth of her mother’s aging.

(b) … but soon

put that thought away, and

looked out at Young

Trees sprinting, the merry children spilling

out of their homes, but after the airport’s security check,

standing a few yards away, I looked again at her, wan, pale

as a late winter’s moon and felt that old

familiar ache, my childhood’s fear,

(i) Select the correct option.

The impact of ‘merry children’ on poet’s mind _________.

(A) caused anxiety

(B) created a sense of longing

(D) reminded her of her own childhood

Ans. (C) brought comfort

(ii) The tone of the poet expressed in the above lines is

(A) sadness and helplessness

(B) excitement and eagerness

(D) anger and anxiety

Ans. (A) sadness and helplessness

(iii) The words ‘wan, pale’ indicate the mother’s _______.

Ans. The words ‘wan, pale’ indicate the mother’s frail health and aging.

(iv) Complete the following sentence appropriately.

The poet looked at her mother again to _______.

Ans. The poet looked at her mother again to capture and remember her frail image, fearing it might be the last time she sees her.

(v) Explain one inference that can be drawn from the line ‘felt that old familiar ache’.

Ans. The poet experiences a deep, familiar sorrow and fear of losing her mother, a feeling she has had since childhood.

(vi) ‘put that thought away’.

What is the intention of poet that can be inferred from the above line?

Ans. The poet tries to distract herself from the painful thought of her mother’s impending death by focusing on other things.

Question Answers

Q1. It is said that the ‘Face is a mirror of one’s emotions.’ Why did the poet ‘smile and smile’? [40-50 Words]

Ans. She smiled to hide her inner feeling of sadness. She was feeling the pang of separation from her mother but she hid it behind her fake smile.

Q2. “See you soon Amma.” How are these words contrary to the speaker’s emotions? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The words ‘See you soon Amma’ are contrary to the speaker’s emotions because she is actually filled with fear and sadness about her mother’s aging and the possibility of losing her. The cheerful farewell masks her inner turmoil and concern.

Q3. Create a comprehensive comparison of the themes present in ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers’ and ‘My Mother at Sixty-six’. Specifically discuss the different ways each poem addresses the concept of struggle and resilience. [120-150 Words]

Ans. The poem Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers is based on the theme of a woman’s desire of living a free life. It highlights the bindings of married life and fear of her husband which will accompany her even after death. The other poem ‘My Mother at Sixty-six’ conveys the message of fear and separation. It shows a woman’s helplessness towards her old ailing mother when she has to leave her and go. The woman hides her feeling from the mother with a false smile.

In both the poems we see a married woman’s struggles. Aunt Jennifer is subjected to agony at the hands of her husband and the marital obligations pressurize her so much that while doing her favourite hobby, her fingers flutter due to his fear. She depicts her inner feeling of fearlessness and boldness through the pattern that she is making. Thus, her desire is not dead and we see that she is resilient and has the desire to bounce back. The poet Kamala Das, in ‘My mother at sixty-six’ is also struggling with the fear of losing her old mother to death. Still, she overcomes the fear and smiles towards the mother. She hopes to see her mother again and on this positive note, she departs.

Thus, both the poems show the struggle and also, show their inner strength which supports them in overcoming the sadness and being happy.

Q4. Write a paragraph focusing on how the poems ‘Keeping quiet’ and ‘My Mother at Sixty-six’ illuminate different facets of human introspection and the significance of quiet reflection in understanding oneself. [120-150 Words]

Ans. In the poem ‘Keeping Quiet’ the poet makes a direct request to the reader to remain quiet, stop working and introspect. He wants them to ponder over the repercussions of their acts so that they can make better decisions for the future. In the poem ‘My Mother at Sixty-six’ the poet sees her old and aging mother whose face looks like a corpse. However, she chooses to keep her pain within and hides it behind a fake smile. She keeps on thinking that her mother needs her, and is fearful of losing her forever. However, these thoughts remain inside her. She remains silent and keeps on introspecting about her mother. Finally, she smiles at her and leaves.

In both the poems, we see the importance of quiet reflection. The ability to develop an idea within one’s mind and then, deciding the future actions leads to better decisions for the future.

Q5. How does the use of vivid imagery by Adrienne Rich in “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers” and by Kamala Das in “My Mother at Sixty-six” contribute to the overall themes of their respective poems? [120-150 Words]

Ans. Both the poems have visual imagery which contributes to the theme of the poem. In Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers, the tigers prance… They do not fear the men; this shows the aunt’s desire of freedom. They pace in sleek chivalry indicates her desire to live fearlessly. Aunt’s finger flutter when she pulls the needle shows her fear of the husband who may question her hobby. The wedding ring on her hand sits heavily which indicates the pressure of marital obligations. Thus, the entire poem involves visual depictions.

In My mother at sixty-six, the mother’s face is ashen, like a corpse which makes the reader visualize a dull, ash coloured face which resembles a dead body. Then, the poet sees young trees outside the car which seem to be running, young children running and playing in the garden. These scenes are lively and energetic and she puts them in opposition to the scene inside the car, the corpse like old mother sitting beside her. Later, the mother’s face is dull, like the winter moon which can again be visualised by the reader. Thus, she has also used visual imagery to show her feelings of fear of losing her mother to death.

Q6. How do imagery and symbolism in the poems “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers” and “My Mother at Sixty-six” offer insights into relationships? Write a diary entry expressing your thoughts. You may begin this way :

I read the two poems today and … [120-150 Words]

Ans. I read the two poems today and both have used imagery and symbolism express relationships.

The poem Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers is all about marital relations. The tigers are a symbol of fearlessness and pride which depict the aunt’s desire. The tigers prance across the world of green and do not fear the men beneath the tree creates visual imagery to present aunt’s desire of living with freedom and without fear. The uncle’s wedding band is a symbol of the burdening marital obligations which pressurize the aunt and the word ‘ringed’ show that she is wearing the wedding ring and also, that she is surrounded by the marital obligation unto her death. Her terrified hands find the ivory needle hard to pull creates a scene where the reader can imagine that the woman is scared of the husband who will perhaps object to her hobby of doing embroidery.

The poem My mother at Sixty-six is about filial relationship. The mother’s face is ashen, like a dead body. Then, the poet sees young trees outside the car which seem to be running, young children running and playing in the garden. These scenes are lively and energetic and she puts them in opposition to the scene inside the car, the corpse like old mother sitting beside her. Later, the mother’s face is dull, like the winter moon which can again be visualised by the reader. Thus, she has also used visual imagery to show her feelings of fear of losing her mother to death.

Both these poems highlight the nuances of the relationships that they talk of.

Also see:

My Mother at Sixty Six Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

My Mother at Sixty Six Summary, Explanation

My Mother at Sixty Six MCQs

My Mother at Sixty Six Character Sketches

Poem 2 – Keeping Quiet

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

What I want should not be confused

with total inactivity.

Life is what it is about;

I want no truck with death.

If we were not so single-minded

about keeping our lives moving,

and for once could do nothing,

perhaps a huge silence

might interrupt this sadness

of never understanding ourselves

and of threatening ourselves with death.

(Keeping Quiet)

(i) Which of the following themes is best represented in the given extract?

(A) Silence alleviates sadness of our life.

(B) Life and death are part of our existence.

(D) Life is stressful and monotonous.

Ans. (A) Silence alleviates sadness of our life.

(ii) State whether the following statement is True or False, with reference to the extract.

The poet feels that quiet productivity in place of all activities is desirable.

Ans. False

(iii) The sadness being referred to (line 9) is due to :

(A) failure to understand ourselves.

(B) failure to understand others.

(D) inability to achieve what we desire.

Ans. (A) failure to understand ourselves.

(iv) The poem has been written from the point of view of a/an :

(A) environmentalist.

(B) feminist.

(D) linguist.

Ans. (C) social activist.

(v) Based on the rhyme scheme, which of the following does not rhyme with line 1?

(A) cruised

(B) complaint

(D) bruised

Ans. (B) complaint

(vi) Complete the sentence appropriately.

In ‘Life is what it is about’, the poet is talking about ______ .

Ans. the importance of living life fully and consciously, without being consumed by constant activity and the fear of death.

Question Answers

Q1. What is Pablo Neruda’s complaint against fishermen? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Pablo Neruda’s complaint is that fishermen harm nature by killing whales. He urges them to stop their harmful activities and embrace stillness and introspection to appreciate the beauty of nature.

Q2. Write a paragraph focusing on how the poems ‘Keeping quiet’ and ‘My Mother at Sixty-six’ illuminate different facets of human introspection and the significance of quiet reflection in understanding oneself. [120-150 Words]

Ans. In the poem ‘Keeping Quiet’ the poet makes a direct request to the reader to remain quiet, stop working and introspect. He wants them to ponder over the repercussions of their acts so that they can make better decisions for the future. In the poem ‘My Mother at Sixty-six’ the poet sees her old and aging mother whose face looks like a corpse. However, she chooses to keep her pain within and hides it behind a fake smile. She keeps on thinking that her mother needs her, and is fearful of losing her forever. However, these thoughts remain inside her. She remains silent and keeps on introspecting about her mother. Finally, she smiles at her and leaves.

In both the poems, we see the importance of quiet reflection. The ability to develop an idea within one’s mind and then, deciding the future actions leads to better decisions for the future.

Q3. If Aunt Jennifer speaks to Pablo Neruda, the poet of “Keeping Quiet”, about her problems and constraints, would it be right for her to accept his response of introspection, reflection and silence? Write a letter to Pablo Neruda expressing her views. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Dear Pablo

Thank you for your letter wherein you advised me to introspect and remain silent. However, these suggestions do not seem apt for my situation.

I want to sensitize you on the same and so, I am writing to you. Please consider that matrimony is a personal bond between two people and if one is subjected to torture, one must speak up in order to protect oneself. Otherwise no external agency will interrupt such a relation.

I am questioned on trivial matters like my choice of hobby. While embroidering the panel, I am under fear that if her arrives, he may scream at me for doing such a useless activity. My fingers flutter when I pull the needle. I feel helpless. He expects me to be at his beck and call all the time. I am under constant fear. I have to live with him all my life and I am subjected to continuous torture. It is taking a toll on my well-being and once I reach a point when I am unable to speak up for myself, then, no one will be able to bail me out.

Your suggestion of introspection and remaining quiet will worsen my condition and the trauma will lead me to insanity. Thus, I request you to ponder over your suggestion.

Your Friend

Jennifer.

Q4. If you were the poet of “A Thing of Beauty”, how would you interpret the need for quiet introspection as mentioned in “Keeping Quiet”? [120-150 Words]

Ans. If I were the poet of “A Thing of Beauty,” I would interpret the need for quiet introspection as a fundamental step toward appreciating the beauty around us. In “Keeping Quiet,” the call for silence and pause is essential for reflecting on our actions and their impact on the world. This introspection allows individuals to reconnect with their inner selves and recognize the profound beauty in simple, everyday moments. Just as beauty in nature provides solace and joy, quiet introspection helps us understand and value these experiences. It is through this reflection that we can foster a deeper appreciation for life’s small wonders, promoting peace and contentment within ourselves and our surroundings.

Q5. Wars with gas, wars with fire,

Victory with no survivors. (Keeping Quiet)

Pablo Neruda in the above lines, highlights the futility of war. Gandhi also brought about the change in the plight of the Champaran sharecroppers through civil disobedience and not

violence.

Write an article on the importance of peace and the right way to resolve issues. [120-150 Words]

Ans. War cannot be the solution or harbinger of peace because war leads to death and destruction. We need to keep this in mind when we seek a solution to issues of unlawful possession and invasion. Several world leaders have emphasised on the importance of peaceful means to attain freedom. Gandhi was one of the noted leaders who advocated civil disobedience as an effective means to attain liberty. It simply means to disobey the orders and rules laid down by the authorities who are not bestowed with such rights but have snatched them in order to fulfil their selfish goals and to oppress the people of the land. Even the poet Pablo Neruda, in the poem titled Keeping Quiet says that wars are wasteful as they lead to trucksful of death.

Thus, we can conclude that war cannot be the solution to any issue. We must seek other means like advocating home rule and civil disobedience which promote non-violence.

Q6. …… but will keep

A bower quiet for us. (A Thing of Beauty)

Perhaps the Earth can teach us

as when everything seems dead

and later proves to be alive. (Keeping Quiet)

Based on ideas from ‘Keeping Quiet’ and ‘A Thing of Beauty’, as President of Eco Club of your school. Draft a speech on the importance of preserving nature for the benefit of mankind.

You may begin like this.

Good morning to one and all !

After reading both the poems, I strongly believe ……………. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Good morning to one and all!

After reading both the poems, I strongly believe that preserving nature is crucial for the wellbeing of mankind. ‘A Thing of Beauty’ by John Keats highlights how the beauty of nature provides us with endless joy and a sense of peace. Similarly, Pablo Neruda’s ‘Keeping Quiet’ teaches us the importance of stillness and introspection to understand our connection with the Earth.

Nature’s beauty is a constant source of inspiration and comfort. The trees, flowers, rivers, and mountains provide a tranquil environment that rejuvenates our spirits. However, with the current pace of environmental degradation, we risk losing these precious gifts. It is imperative that we take action to protect our natural surroundings. Planting trees, reducing pollution, and conserving wildlife are steps we can take to ensure a sustainable future.

Let us all commit to making small changes in our daily lives to preserve the beauty of nature for future generations. Together, we can create a harmonious relationship with our environment and enjoy the lasting benefits it offers.

Thank you.

Q7. Imagine you are Pablo Neruda of ‘Keeping Quiet’. He advises Robert Frost in the context of his conflict and pain at the plight of the roadside stand owners. Pen down your advice in a letter to Robert Frost. You may begin.

Dear Frost,

You seem very pained at the plight of the roadside stand owners, and I would like to advise you… [120-150 Words]

Ans. Dear Frost,

You seem very pained at the plight of the roadside stand owners, and I would like to advise you that death is not a solution to any problem. Please do not feel dejected that you consider death as the only solution to end the plight of the rural poor. We must aim to reach at a solution which solves their problems and provides them growth and prosperity.

I suggest that you must organise these rural folks. The organization should be registered as a co-operative union. All the products like farm produce, dairy items, handicrafts, handloom goods should be sold through this organization. Then the rural workers will get a better price for their products and they can even market the items at various exhibitions and fairs. This will definitely uplift them. Also, please arrange volunteers who can educate them and guide them on health and sanitation. Cleanliness is also essential to ensure better living conditions.

Once the rural people will earn better and live better, they will become a happy lot and you will experience joy by bringing a change in their lives.

I hope you will find my advice useful.

Your friend

Pablo

Also see:

Keeping Quiet Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

Keeping Quiet Summary, Explanation

Keeping Quiet MCQs

Keeping Quiet Character Sketches

Poem 3 – A Thing of Beauty

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

(a) A thing of beauty is a joy forever

Its loveliness increases, it will never

Pass into nothingness; but will keep

A bower quiet for us, and a sleep

Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.

(i) Which of the following themes is best represented in the given extract?

(A) Beauty provides security and peace.

(B) Beauty lies in possession of expensive things.

(D) Beauty lies in our rich heritage and palaces and temples.

Ans. (A) Beauty provides security and peace.

(ii) Complete the following sentence appropriately.

A thing of beauty never passes into nothingness because it is ___________.

Ans. a source of perpetual joy.

(iii) ‘Quiet bower’ means a pleasant, shady, quiet place under trees or in the woods. This creates a sense of ___________.

Ans. tranquillity.

(iv) State whether the given statement is True or False with reference to the extract.

The quality of a thing ensures that its beauty lasts forever.

Ans. True

(v) Based on the rhyme scheme in lines 3 and 4 of the given extract, which word will rhyme with them?

(A) please

(B) sweep

(D) self

Ans. (B) sweep

(vi) The use of the word ‘health’ in the extract suggests that beautiful things will give us a happier and more wholesome life. It creates a powerful image of _____________.

(A) rejuvenation

(B) attachment

(D) eternity

Ans. (A) rejuvenation

(b) Therefore, on every morrow, are we wreathing

A flowery band to bind us to the earth,

Spite of despondence, of the inhuman dearth

Of noble natures, of the gloomy days,

Of all the unhealthy and o’er-darkened ways

Made for our searching :

(i) Which of the following themes is best represented in the given extract?

(A) The beautiful things in nature

(B) Things that cause unhappiness

(D) The early morning fragrance of flowers

Ans. (A) The beautiful things in nature

(ii) State whether the given statement is True or False, with reference to the extract.

The paths we follow are often not worthy of our noble nature.

Ans. True

(iii) Complete the following sentence appropriately :

‘We wreathe for ourselves a flowery band every morrow because __________.

Ans. it helps us stay connected to the earth despite the challenges and despair we face.

(iv) The use of the word ‘dearth’ creates a powerful image of __________.

Ans. a lack or scarcity of noble and virtuous people, contributing to a sense of gloom.

(v) Based on the rhyme scheme in lines 4 and 5, which of the following word will rhyme with ‘days’ and ‘ways’?

(A) craze

(B) pays

(D) waste

Ans. (D) waste

(vi) The lack of punctuation at the end of line 3 in the extract is to :

(A) create a sense of continuity and flow that connects it with the fourth line.

(B) encourage the reader to understand grammar.

(D) keep us connected to this earth.

Ans. (A) create a sense of continuity and flow that connects it with the fourth line.

Question Answers

Q1. ‘And such too is the grandeur of the dooms ; we have imagined for the mighty dead.’ Explain the inference you can draw from the phrase ‘mighty dead’. [40-50 Words]

Ans. The phrase ‘mighty dead’ refers to great historical figures and heroes who have passed away. The grandeur of their legacies and the impact they left behind continue to inspire and evoke admiration, showing that their influence endures beyond their lifetimes.

Q2. How and why does Keats relate ‘mighty dead’ to the ‘Thing of Beauty’? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Keats relates the ‘mighty dead’ to the ‘Thing of Beauty’ by suggesting that the stories and legends of great historical figures add to the beauty and inspiration of the world. Their legacy contributes to the enduring beauty that Keats celebrates.

Q3. Imagine you are John Keats, the poet of ‘A Thing of Beauty’. What advice might you offer to Robert Frost, the poet of ‘A Roadside Stand’ in the context of his ‘The sadness that lurks near the open window’? Pen down your advice in a letter to Frost on how to deal with sadness. You may begin this way :

Dear Robert,

I have recently read your poem ‘A Roadside Stand’ and …. ….

You may end this way :

Despite the fact that our lives are full of sorrow and suffering, the beautiful things around us give us the strength to endure the sadness of life.

Warmly

John Keats [120-150 Words]

Ans. Dear Robert,

I have recently read your poem ‘A Roadside Stand’ and was deeply moved by the portrayal of sadness and longing. As a fellow poet, I understand how the weight of the world’s sorrows can press upon one’s spirit. In my poem ‘A Thing of Beauty,’ I explored the idea that beauty, in its many forms, offers solace and joy that endure despite life’s trials.

When you feel overwhelmed by sadness, seek out the simple yet profound beauty in nature, art, or moments of kindness. These instances of beauty can provide a quiet refuge, helping to lighten the burden of sorrow. Remember, the appreciation of beauty can transform our outlook, infusing our lives with a sense of peace and hope.

Despite the fact that our lives are full of sorrow and suffering, the beautiful things around us give us the strength to endure the sadness of life.

Yours sincerely,

John Keats

Q4. ‘A Thing of Beauty’ and ‘A Roadside Stand’ are poetic expressions of human relationships. The first engages with nature while the latter highlights the individual’s place in society. Describe with reference to the two poems. [120-150 Words]

Ans. The poem ‘A Thing of Beauty’ acknowledges the creation of nature and addresses them as things of beauty. These beautiful creations of nature are eternal and give us immense joy. The poet highlights the various reliefs and respites provided by the shady bower, the cool rills, the warm Sun and the sheep. He is grateful for the pretty flowers and the tales of brave men. All such objects of beauty bind us to the earth and give us a reason to live and survive in this otherwise greedy world.

The poem ‘A Roadside Stand’ presents the plight of the rural poor who crave for some money from the urban populace. They display farm produce on sheds by the highways and expect the rich people who pass by in cars, to stop and buy the goods. The poet also mentions how these innocent poor people are fooled by the politicians and authorities who are like beasts. They grab their land and shift them to further off places. They force them to live in such poverty-ridden conditions. No one really wants to help these people. Both the poems highlight the nuances of human relationships and emotions and lay importance on maintaining a balance.

Q5. If you were the poet of “A Thing of Beauty”, how would you interpret the need for quiet introspection as mentioned in “Keeping Quiet”? [120-150 Words]

Q6 …… but will keep

A bower quiet for us. (A Thing of Beauty)

Perhaps the Earth can teach us

as when everything seems dead

and later proves to be alive. (Keeping Quiet)

Based on ideas from ‘Keeping Quiet’ and ‘A Thing of Beauty’, as President of Eco Club of your school. Draft a speech on the importance of preserving nature for the benefit of mankind.

You may begin like this.

Good morning to one and all !

After reading both the poems, I strongly believe ……………. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Good morning to one and all!

Thank you.

Also see:

A Thing of Beauty Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

A Thing of Beauty Summary, Explanation

A Thing of Beauty MCQs

Poem 4 – A Roadside Stand

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

(a) The little old house was out with a little new shed

in front at the edge of the road where the traffic sped.

A road side stand that too pathetically pled

It would not be fair to say for a dole of bread.

But for some of the money, the cash, whose flow supports

‘The flower of cities from sinking and withering faint.

(i) Which of the following expressions has the same literary device as used in

“A roadside stand that too pathetically pled.”

(A) All the world’s a stage.

(B) I wandered lonely, as a cloud.

(D) And life is too much like a pathless wood.

Ans. (C) The brutal wind bullied the tree.

(ii) Select the option that aptly conveys the poet’s point of view with reference to the above extract :

The roadside stand is put up with the purpose to

(A) display fruits

(B) to stop the traffic

(D) to interact with city people

Ans. (C) to do business

(iii) What do you infer about the people, who put up the roadside stand from the phrase ‘would not be fair to say for a dole of bread’?

Ans. The people who put up the roadside stand are not begging for charity; instead, they are trying to earn a living by selling goods to support themselves.

(iv) Complete the following sentence with reference to the extract.

‘The word ‘pathetically’ reflects the ________ condition of the roadside stand.

Ans. The word ‘pathetically’ reflects the poor condition of the roadside stand.

(v) State whether the following statement is True or False :

By ‘Flower of Cities’, the poet refers to the garden in cities.

Ans. False

(vi) Based on the rhyme scheme, evident in lines 1-4, which word would rhyme with line 2?

___ ___ _____

part fled seen

Ans. fled

(b) Sometimes I feel myself I can hardly bear

The thought of so much childish longing in vain,

The sadness that lurks near the open window there,

That waits all day in almost open prayer.

For the squeal of brakes, the sound of a stopping car,

Of all the thousand selfish cars that pass,

Just one to inquire what a farmer’s prices are

And one did stop, but only to plow up grass

In using the yard to back and turn around;

And another to ask the way to where it was bound ;

(A Roadside Stand)

(i) Select the option that has the same literary device as in ‘The sadness that lurks near the open window there’.

(A) Lucy moved across the room like a warship sailing into battle.

(B) Art washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life.

(D) The pen is mightier than the sword.

Ans. (C) The water-wraith was shrieking.

(ii) They prayed for the stopping of a car. When one car finally stopped, it brought _______ to the people of the roadside stand.

(A) help

(B) happiness

(D) cash flow

Ans. (C) disappointment

(iii) Explain one inference that can be drawn from the line, ‘……childish longing in vain’.

Ans. The line indicates that the people at the roadside stand have a naive hope for customers to stop and buy their goods, but this hope is often unmet, leading to disappointment.

(iv) Complete the sentence appropriately.

The emotion of the poet reflected in the above extract is _______.

Ans. The emotion of the poet reflected in the above extract is sorrow and frustration.

(v) The expression ‘selfish car’ suggests that _______.

Ans. The expression ‘selfish car’ suggests that the people driving these cars are indifferent to the needs of the roadside stand owners.

(vi) Based on the rhyme scheme evident in the last two lines of the extract, which word would rhyme with the last line?

_____ _____ _____

brass reply sound

Ans. sound

Question and Answers

Q1. Imagine you are John Keats, the poet of ‘A Thing of Beauty’. What advice might you offer to Robert Frost, the poet of ‘A Roadside Stand’ in the context of his ‘The sadness that lurks near the open window’? Pen down your advice in a letter to Frost on how to deal with sadness. You may begin this way :

Dear Robert,

I have recently read your poem ‘A Roadside Stand’ and …. ….

You may end this way :

Despite the fact that our lives are full of sorrow and suffering, the beautiful things around us give us the strength to endure the sadness of life.

Warmly

John Keats [120-150 Words]

Ans. Dear Robert,

Despite the fact that our lives are full of sorrow and suffering, the beautiful things around us give us the strength to endure the sadness of life.

Yours sincerely,

John Keats

Q2. ‘A Thing of Beauty’ and ‘A Roadside Stand’ are poetic expressions of human relationships. The first engages with nature while the latter highlights the individual’s place in society. Describe with reference to the two poems. [120-150 Words]

Q3. Justify this statement with reference to the poem ‘A Roadside Stand’ and the text ‘The Lost Spring’.

You may begin.

social satire in the two texts portrays two contrasting worlds that exist in society. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Contrasting Worlds in ‘A Roadside Stand’ and ‘Lost Spring’

Q4. Imagine you are Pablo Neruda of ‘Keeping Quiet’. He advises Robert Frost in the context of his conflict and pain at the plight of the roadside stand owners. Pen down your advice in a letter to Robert Frost. You may begin.

Dear Frost,

You seem very pained at the plight of the roadside stand owners, and I would like to advise you… [120-150 Words]

Ans. Dear Frost,

Once the rural people will earn better and live better, they will become a happy lot and you will experience joy by bringing a change in their lives.

I hope you will find my advice useful.

Your friend

Pablo

Also see:

A Roadside Stand Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

A Roadside Stand Summary, Explanation

A Roadside Stand MCQs

Poem 5 – Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

(a) Aunt Jennifer’s tigers prance across a screen,

Bright topaz denizens of a world of green.

They do not fear the men beneath the tree;

They pace in sleek chivalric certainty.

(i) Which of the following are symbolised by the ‘tigers’ in the extract above?

masculine world
feminine world

III. world of bold, fearless creatures

world of beautiful handicrafts

(A) I, II and III

(B) II, III and IV

(D) I, III and IV

Ans. (C) III and IV

(ii) State whether the given statement is True or False.

The creator of the tigers was fearless and assertive like the tigers.

Ans. False

(iii) Complete the following sentence.

The use of the word ‘topaz’ suggests that the image of the tiger on the screen is ___________.

Ans. bright yellow colour / real / perfect creation

(iv) ‘Tigers do not fear the men beneath the tree’ because they are

(A) tamed

(B) in a cage

(D) kings of the jungle

Ans. (C) fearless

(v) Based on the poem’s rhyme scheme evident in lines 1 and 2, which of the following will rhyme?

mean, akin, cream

Ans. mean

(vi) Chivalric certainty refers to which poetic device?

(A) Alliteration

(B) Metaphor

(D) Repetition

Ans. (A) Alliteration

(b) Aunt Jennifer’s fingers fluttering through her wool

Find even the ivory needle hard to pull.

The massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band

Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand.

(i) Which of the following themes is best represented in the given extract?

(A) The maturity of adulthood

(B) The glory of feminity

(D) The superficial beauty

Ans. (C) Victim of male domination

(ii) State whether the following statement is True or False, with reference to the extract.

Aunt Jennifer is nervous and traumatized because of the constraints of her marriage.

Ans. True

(iii) Complete the following sentence appropriately :

The fingers fluttering through her wool symbolize __________.

Ans. Aunt Jennifer’s struggle and oppression under the weight of her marriage.

(iv) The use of the words “massive weight” creates a powerful image of __________.

Ans. the burden and oppression imposed by Uncle’s wedding band on Aunt Jennifer.

(v) Based on the rhyme scheme in lines 3 and 4, which word would rhyme with ‘band’ and ‘hand’?

(A) stand

(B) wind

(D) tent

Ans. (A) stand

(vi) The heavy wedding ring is a source of :

(A) joy.

(B) freedom.

(D) burden.

Ans. (D) burden.

Find even the ivory needle hard to pull.

The massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band

sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand

when Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie

still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by,

The Tigers in the panel that she made

will go on prancing, proud and unafraid.

(i) ‘Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand.’ Through the above expression the poet indicates :

(A) Aunt Jennifer is happily married.

(B) Aunt Jennifer loves the tigers in the panel.

(D) Aunt Jennifer’s rich and luxurious life.

Ans. (C) Aunt Jennifer’s unhappy married life.

(ii) Select the option that has the same literary device as used in ‘Still ringed with ordeals’.

(A) Leopards cannot hide in the jungle as they are spotted.

(B) Sun smiled happily on us.

(D) Life is like a box of chocolates.

Ans. (B) Sun smiled happily on us.

(iii) Complete the following sentences with reference to the extract.

The Tigers in the panel symbolize _____________.

Ans. The Tigers in the panel symbolize strength and independence

(iv) State whether the statement given below is True or False :

“Find even the ivory needle hard to pull.”

‘The above expression suggests that Aunt Jennifer is dying.

Ans. False

(v) Based on the rhyme scheme, evident in lines 1-2, which word would rhyme with line 1?

__ ____ ___

full sand bye

Ans. full

(vi) The use of the word ‘fluttering fingers’ in the extract suggest that the fingers of Aunt Jennifer are trembling. This creates an image of _____.

Ans. This creates an image of fear and weakness.

Question and Answers

Q1. Explain how “The tigers in the panel ……. Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid.” [40-50 Words]

Ans. The tigers in Aunt Jennifer’s tapestry symbolize strength, confidence, and freedom. Unlike Aunt Jennifer, who is oppressed and subdued by her marriage, the tigers she creates are proud and unafraid. They represent her inner desire for freedom and empowerment, a stark contrast to her own life of subjugation.

Q2. The tigers in the panel that she made

Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid.

What is the tone of the poet reflected in the above lines? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The tone is one of admiration and longing. The poet admires the tigers’ strength and fearlessness, qualities that Aunt Jennifer wishes she could embody in her own life.

Q3. Create a comprehensive comparison of the themes present in ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers’ and My Mother at Sixty-six’. Specifically discuss the different ways each poem addresses the concept of struggle and resilience. [120-150 Words]

Thus, both the poems show the struggle and also, show their inner strength which supports them in overcoming the sadness and being happy.

Q4. If Aunt Jennifer speaks to Pablo Neruda, the poet of “Keeping Quiet”, about her problems and constraints, would it be right for her to accept his response of introspection, reflection and silence? Write a letter to Pablo Neruda expressing her views. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Dear Pablo

Thank you for your letter wherein you advised me to introspect and remain silent. However, these suggestions do not seem apt for my situation.

Your suggestion of introspection and remaining quiet will worsen my condition and the trauma will lead me to insanity. Thus, I request you to ponder over your suggestion.

Your Friend

Jennifer.

I read the two poems today and … [120-150 Words]

Ans.I read the two poems today and both have used imagery and symbolism express relationships.

Both these poems highlight the nuances of the relationships that they talk of.

Q7. After reading ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tiger’ and ‘Going Places’, you realise that Aunt Jennifer and Sophie’s mother have been subdued by their respective husbands.

As a social activist you have to write an article to a newspaper on the need to empower women.

You may begin like this.

Empowerment of women is a very essential social reform. It needs to be accelerated for any nation to progress ……… [120-150 Words]

Ans. Empowerment of Women: A Vital Social Reform

Also see:

Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers Summary, Explanation

Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers MCQs

Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers Character Sketches

Vistas Book

Chapter 1 – The Third Level

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

(a) Anyway, here’s what happened at Grand Central. One night last summer I worked late at the office. I was in a hurry to get uptown to my apartment so I decided to take the subway from Grand Central because it’s faster than the bus.

Now, I don’t know why this should have happened to me. I’m just an ordinary guy named Charley, thirty-one years old, and I was wearing a tan gabardine suit and a straw hat with a fancy band; I passed a dozen men who looked just like me.

(i) List any two details about how Charley was dressed up.

Ans. Charley was wearing a tan gabardine suit and a straw hat with a fancy band.

(ii) Charley decided to use the subway because it was :

(A) quicker.

(B) cheaper.

(D) safer.

Ans. (A) quicker.

(iii) Complete the following sentence appropriately.

Landing at the third level was due to Charley’s flight of ______.

Ans. imagination.

(iv) Which time frame is represented through the kind of outfit mentioned in the extract?

(A) pre world war era

(B) the present times

(D) in the future

Ans. (B) the present times

(b) To make sure, I walked over to a newsboy and glanced at the stack of papers at his feet. It was The World; and The World hasn’t been published for years. The lead story said something about President Cleveland. I’ve found that front page since, in the Public Library files, and it was printed June 11, 1894.

I turned toward the ticket window knowing that here — on the third level at Grand Central — I could buy tickets that would take Louisa and me anywhere in the United States we wanted to go.

(i) Why does the narrator resort to wishful day-dreaming and want to travel back in time?

Ans. The narrator resorts to wishful daydreaming and wants to travel back in time to escape the stress and chaos of his present life, finding solace in the simplicity and tranquillity of the past.

(ii) The year 1894 holds so much importance because _____.

Ans. it represents a time before the two World Wars, a period of peace and stability that the narrator longs for.

(iii) The World, the news about President Cleveland — what do they hint at?

(A) The narrator used to like reading the newspaper.

(B) The narrator fantasises about past events.

(D) The narrator tends to forget things.

Ans. (C) The narrator wants to escape to a world that was unaffected by the two World Wars.

(iv) Give one reason why the writing style of the extract can be called autobiographical.

Ans. The writing style can be called autobiographical because it reflects the narrator’s personal thoughts, feelings, and experiences, blurring the lines between reality and imagination.

Question Answers

Q1. Louisa behaves like a perfect wife. Give evidence from The Third Level in support of the above statement. [40-50 Words]

Ans. Louisa supports Charley in his quest to find the third level, despite its seeming absurdity. She listens to him, shares his interest, and even suggests he consult a psychiatrist. Her understanding and supportive nature show her as a perfect wife.

Q2. ‘My three hundred dollars bought less than two hundred in old style bills, but I didn’t care.’

What prompted Charlie to compromise on less value of money? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Charlie was desperate to travel to Galesburg of 1894 and knew that things were pretty cheap then. So, he overlooked the less value of money that he got in return for his three hundred dollars.

Q3. Jack Finney portrays Louisa as a perfect wife. Give evidences from Charlie’s life in support of the above statement. [40-50 Words]

Ans. Louisa is the perfect wife because she got mad when Sam said that Charley was unhappy. She thought that Sam was indicating her being the cause of Charley’s unhappiness. Louisa was worried about Charley’s mental health and didn’t want him to search for the third level.

Q4. Why was Charlie fascinated with Galesburg? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Charlie was fascinated with Galesburg because it represented an idyllic and peaceful time in the past. Galesburg was a place where life was simpler and more serene, offering a stark contrast to the stress and anxiety of his present life.

Q5. My stamp collecting, for example, that’s a temporary refuge from reality.

How can a hobby give one an escape from reality? [40-50 Words]

Ans. When one gets busy in the hobby, his mind gets distracted and one stops thinking about the present situation.

Q5. In the story ‘The Third Level’, reality and fantasy are interwoven. Justify. [120-150 Words]

Ans. In Jack Finney’s ‘The Third Level,’ reality and fantasy intertwine seamlessly to create a narrative that blurs the lines between the two. The protagonist, Charley, discovers a mysterious third level at Grand Central Station, which transports him to the tranquil world of the 1890s.This serves as an escape from the anxieties and pressures of his contemporary life.

The story uses this fantastical element to reflect Charley’s yearning for a simpler, more peaceful existence. His wife and friends dismiss his discovery as a figment of his imagination, highlighting the tension between his desires and the harsh realities of the modern world. The ambiguity of the third level’s existence keeps readers questioning what is real and what is imagined, underscoring the theme that sometimes, fantasy offers solace from the burdens of reality.

This interplay between reality and fantasy not only adds depth to the story but also illustrates the human need for escapism and the enduring hope for a better, more idyllic past.

Also see:

The Third Level Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

The Third Level Summary, Explanation

The Third Level MCQs

The Third Level Character Sketches

Chapter 2 – The Tiger King

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

From that day onwards it was celebration time for all the tigers inhabiting Pratibandapuram.

The State banned tiger hunting by anyone except the Maharaja. A proclamation was issued to the effect that if anyone dared to fling so much as a stone at a tiger, all his wealth and property would be confiscated.

The Maharaja vowed he would attend to all other matters only after killing the hundred tigers. Initially the king seemed well set to realise his ambition.

(i) Select the correct option :

‘… he would attend to all other matters only after killing hundred tigers’. This reflects Tiger King’s

(A) courage

(B) determination

(D) kindness

Ans. (B) determination

(ii) Complete the sentence appropriately.

From that day onwards it was celebration time for all the tigers. The above statement is ironical in the sense _______.

Ans. From that day onwards it was celebration time for all the tigers. The above statement is ironical in the sense that while it seems like good news for the tigers, it actually means they are in greater danger because the king is hunting them.

(iii) ‘… if anyone dared to fling so much as a stone at a tiger, all his wealth and property would be confiscated’.

What trait of the king is reflected in the above line?

Ans. The king is shown to be authoritarian and strict, enforcing severe punishment for harming tigers.

(iv) State whether the following statement is TRUE or FALSE.

The King’s ambition is to save people from the tigers.

Ans. FALSE

Question Answers

Q1. What confusion does the Dewan have when the Tiger King broaches the topic of his marriage? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The Dewan is confused because the Tiger King wants to marry a girl from a state with many tigers. The Dewan wonders if this is the right criterion for marriage, showing his concern over the unusual and practical approach to selecting a bride.

Q2. Do you think the prediction made by the state astrologer “was indisputably disproved”? Give reasons in support of your answer. [40-50 Words]

Ans. No, the prediction by the state astrologer was not indisputably disproved. Although the astrologer predicted that the King would die from a tiger bite, the King’s death came about due to a different cause. The irony is that despite the prediction’s apparent failure, the King’s demise was indirectly linked to tigers, illustrating how the prophecy played out in an unexpected way.

Q3. What were the two ‘amazing’ things of the royal infant? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The two amazing things about the royal infant were his prophetic utterance at birth that he would eventually have to meet his death from a tiger and his extraordinary determination to defy this fate by killing one hundred tigers, which demonstrated his strong will and unique character from a very young age.

Q4. ‘They decided that the Maharaja must not come to know that he had missed the target’.

Why did the hunters try to hide the truth from the king? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The hunters decided not to disclose the truth because they feared the wrath of the king. They were afraid of losing their jobs so, they kept quiet.

Q5. The story “The Tiger King” is a satire on the conceit of those in power. How does the author employ the literary device of dramatic irony in the story? [120-150 Words]

Ans. In “The Tiger King,” the author uses dramatic irony to critique the arrogance and self importance of those in power. Dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows more about a situation than the characters do. In the story, the King’s belief that he will overcome any threat posed by the tigers, despite the growing danger, highlights his arrogance. The irony is evident when the King is ultimately killed by a tiger, despite his efforts to control and conquer them. The story exposes the futility of the King’s attempts to defy fate and demonstrates how his arrogance leads to his downfall. This use of dramatic irony serves to underscore the inherent foolishness and hubris of those who hold power, as they are blind to the consequences of their actions.

Q6. “Tiger population became extinct in the forests of Pratibandapuram.” Tiger King is a typical example of man’s dominance over nature.

As a member of your school Eco Club, write an article for your school magazine on how man should follow the policy of ‘Live and Let Live’.

You may begin like this.

‘The noblest principle, man should follow in his life is co-existence. (The Tiger King) [120-150 Words]

Ans. Live and Let Live: A Call for Coexistence

By [Your Name], Member of Eco Club

The noblest principle man should follow in his life is co-existence. The extinction of the tiger population in Pratibandapuram, as depicted in “Tiger King,” is a stark reminder of the consequences of man’s dominance over nature. This tale highlights the urgent need for a balanced approach to life, where humans and nature coexist harmoniously.

To ensure the survival of our planet’s diverse ecosystems, we must adopt the policy of ‘Live and Let Live.’ This involves respecting wildlife, conserving natural habitats, and promoting sustainable practices. Protecting endangered species, reducing pollution, and preserving forests are crucial steps.

Education and awareness are key to fostering a sense of responsibility towards nature. By understanding the impact of our actions, we can make conscious efforts to protect the environment. Let us strive to create a world where all living beings can thrive together, ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.

Q7. The boy drank the milk of an English cow, was brought up by an English nanny, tutored in English …… (The Tiger King)

You realise that western influence on Indian culture is deep rooted since the days of Tiger King.

Write an article using material from the text, on the pros and cons of western influence on Indian society.

You may begin like this ………

Indian’s exposure to English language and western influence …….. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Indian’s exposure to English language and western influence dates back to the British rule. The British deeply influenced Indian culture and uplifted the masses in several ways. The present day education system was introduced by the British who laid stress on the knowledge of English language which they said was superior to the ancient Indian languages. The British also formed the legal system in India on similar lines as that of England. Indian Railways was also set up during the British era. However, the aim of the British was to colonize India and so, they adopted measures like divide and rule policy which led to disintegration. They took benefit of the presence of small princely kingdoms and used one against the other to get their own benefits. The British forced Indians to work as mere labourers. They who had set foot in India as traders, eventually became rulers of the country.

The royal and rich people of India were exposed to the British culture and they even adopted the British way of life. Royal princes would get higher education from England and would speak English just like a Britisher. Thus, we can say that there was a deep influence of the British on the Indians.

Q8. Until then the Maharaja had given his entire time and energy to tiger hunting. He had no time to spare for the crown prince. (The Tiger King)

In the present times, we see people following their profession and running after money and neglect their children. As a professional counsellor, you address working parents, stressing the need to spend quality time with children, Take material from the story ‘The Tiger King’ to re-inforce your points of view.

You may begin like this

Spending time with children will boost their confidence… [120-150 Words]

Ans. Spending time with children will boost their confidence. It is not essential to provide several things to your child, rather it is necessary to spend time with them. Your affection and care is invaluable. You must spend quality time with your child. You both can get involved in activities of his interest like making a puzzle, playing with clay or even story telling. It is crucial that you form a close bond with the child. I know that both of you are working and time is a constraint. However, remember the maxim – Where there is a will, there is a way.

Now see the case of the Tiger King. He was a maharaja and had to perform several duties but still he gave time to his son on his third birthday. Before that, he had been so busy in accomplishing his goal of killing a hundred tigers that the fact of his son growing big went unnoticed. He planned to make it a grand celebration and bought a gift for his son, both played with the wooden toy tiger also. This was the king’s way of bonding with the prince. Similarly, you should not be so busy that the child’s upbringing goes unnoticed. Rather, take out at least thirty minutes on a daily basis. Allocate this time to your children and see how the bond will strengthen.

Q9. “Your Majesty, I have two wives already. If I marry you ………..(Tiger King)

No doubt it adds humour to the story. Humour always captures the mind of readers.

Taking ideas from the story ‘Tiger King’, write an article on the ‘Importance of Humour in Life’.

You may begin like this ; Sense of humour helps us deal with problems of life and improves one’s mental and physical health…….. [120-150 Words]

Ans.

Importance of Humour in Life

Sense of humour helps us deal with problems of life and improves one’s mental and physical health. When we read the story ‘The Tiger King’, the instances of humour in the story make us laugh and thus, we feel light. Creating humour and laughter is definitely therapeutic. Kalki has displayed his expertise in using humour very creatively which giving out an important message.

The astrologer’s prediction that a child born under the particular star will one day meet his death is strange and creates humour because nevertheless, everyone has to eventually die. When the ten-day old prince talks to the astrologer, that is also humorous. The idea of a ten-day old infant growling also creates a light scene. The Maharaja refused the British officer from getting a picture clicked with a tiger carcass and then, in order to save his kingdom, he sent fifty diamond rings to his wife. This seems illogical and creates humour.

Another humorous scene is the chat between the king and his dewan. When the king tells him that he wants to get married, the dewan denied that he already had two wives and could not marry the king. Then the king clarified that he wanted a tiger and the dewan, presuming that the king wanted to marry a tiger, said that the king’s ancestors had married swords and guns in the past but a tiger queen would be too much for the kingdom.

When a village arranged to hundredth tiger for the king’s shooting, the king got elated and excused them from paying taxes for three years. In order to save his job, the dewan hid a tiger in his house. This seems overboard too.

Also, the end of the poem where the king dies due to a wooden tiger instead of a real one makes the reader amused.

Also see:

The Tiger King Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

The Tiger King Summary, Explanation

The Tiger King MCQs

The Tiger King Character Sketches

Chapter 3 – Journey to the End of the Earth

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

(a) Human civilisations have been around for a paltry 12,000 years – barely a few seconds on the geological clock. In that short amount of time, we’ve managed to create quite a rukus, etching our dominance over nature with our villages, towns, cities, mega cities. The rapid increase of human populations has left us battling with other species for limited resources, and the unmitigated burning of fossil fuels has now created a blanket of carbon dioxide around the world, which is slowly but surely increasing the average global temperature.

(i) According to the view expressed by the author in the above extract, increase in global temperature is due to

(A) mega cities

(B) human people

(D) limited resources

Ans. (C) burning of fossil fuels

(ii) Complete the following sentence with reference to the extract :

Humans are criticised by the author for _______.

Ans. Humans are criticised by the author for causing environmental damage and increasing global temperatures.

(iii) According to the author, the relation between human population and resources is ____________.

Ans. According to the author, the relation between human population and resources is one of competition and conflict over limited resources.

(iv) ‘In that short amount of time, we’ve managed to create a ruckus’. By ‘ruckus’ the author refers to _______.

(A) movement.

(B) misunderstanding

(D) commotion

Ans. (D) commotion

(b) The reason the programme has been so successful is because it is impossible to go anywhere near the South Pole and not be affected by it. It’s easy to be blase about polar ice caps melting while sitting in the comfort zone of our respective latitude and longitude, but when you can visibly see glaciers retreating and ice shelves collapsing, you begin to realise that the threat of global warming is real.

Antarctica, because of her simple eco-system and lack of biodiversity, is the perfect place to study how little changes in the environment can have big repercussions. (Journey to the End of the Earth)

(i) As per the given extract, the reason for the success of the programme is

(A) the participation of young students.

(B) the journey to Antarctica.

(D) it was impossible to go near south pole.

Ans. (C) the exposure to reality.

(ii) Complete the following sentence.

The warning that can be inferred from the above extract is __________.

Ans. The warning that can be inferred from the above extract is that global warming is a significant and urgent threat, visibly affecting the polar ice caps and ecosystems.

(iii) State whether the statement given is TRUE or FALSE with reference to the extract.

Global warming is a threat to human survival.

Ans. TRUE

(iv) Explain one inference that can be drawn from the line “It’s easy to be blase about polar ice caps melting while sitting in the comfort zone”.

Ans. People often ignore or underestimate the severity of global warming when they do not directly witness its impacts.

Question and Answers

Q1. How can you say ‘Students on Ice Programme’ was a step towards the future? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The ‘Students on Ice Programme’ is a step towards the future as it educates young people about the environmental issues facing Antarctica. By fostering awareness and understanding, it encourages the next generation to take action in preserving and protecting the planet.

Q2. ‘And for humans, the prognosis is not good;’

What is in store for humans, as per the above statement? [40-50 Words]

Ans. As per the predictions, the future is bad for humans. The delicate balance of the Earth’s ecosystem is getting disturbed due to human activities.

Q3. “With students on ice, he offers future generation of policy makers a life-changing experience…’

What expectation of the narrator is reflected in the above line? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The narrator wanted a real life experience to know the impact on the planet. The programme gave them a chance to absorb, learn and act.

Q4. “My Antarctic experience was full of such epiphanies,” says Tishani Doshi. Which experience does she consider the best and why? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Tishani Doshi considers witnessing the pristine beauty of the Antarctic landscape as the best experience. It highlighted the fragility of the environment and the impact of human activities, making her realize the importance of preserving nature.

Q5. Tishani Doshi considered the programme ‘Students on Ice’ a success. Do you agree with her? Why/Why not? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Yes, Tishani Doshi considered ‘Students on Ice’ a success because it provided students with a unique opportunity to experience and understand the fragility of the polar environments firsthand. This exposure helped them appreciate the importance of environmental conservation and inspired them to become more proactive in addressing climate change.

Q6. What are Geoff Green’s reasons for including high school students in the ‘Students on Ice’ expedition? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Geoff Green started the program, Students on Ice, for high school students because he wanted to give them an opportunity to understand and value our planet. Students, being the future generation, need to take a closer look at the depleting environmental situation. They can put in their effort to bring about a change in the outlook of the society. He wanted to give the students hands-on experiences that will enable them to understand and shape the future of the world as policy makers.

Also see:

Journey to the End of the Earth Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

Journey to the End of the Earth Summary, Explanation

Journey to the End of the Earth MCQs

Journey to the End of the Earth Character Sketches

Chapter 4 – The Enemy

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

(a) “If I am able, are you?” Sadao asked.

“No,” Hana said, “But if you can do it alone…”

Sadao hesitated again. “The strange thing is,” that if the man were whole I could turn him over to the police without difficulty. I care nothing for him. He is my enemy. All Americans are my enemy. And he is only a common fellow. You see how foolish his face is. But since he is wounded …”

(i) Complete the sentence appropriately.

The dilemma faced by the couple was _________.

Ans. whether to help the wounded American soldier, despite their personal and political conflicts.

(ii) What does Hana ask Dr. Sadao to do alone?

(A) Treat the wounded soldier

(B) Give him shelter in the outhouse

(D) Hand him over to the authorities

Ans. (A) Treat the wounded soldier

(iii) Explain the expression : “if the man were whole”.

Ans. The expression means if the soldier were not injured, Dr. Sadao would have no moral or ethical conflict in turning him over to the authorities.

(iv) Dr. Sadao says, “All Americans are my enemy.” What character trait of Dr. Sadao does it reflect?

Ans. It reflects Dr. Sadao’s internal conflict and loyalty to his country, which is challenged by his compassion and medical ethics

(b) But at this moment the door opened and she looked out, a dark-blue woollen haori over her kimono. … He had met Hana in America, but he had waited to fall in love with her until he was sure she was Japanese. His father would never have received her unless she had been pure in her race.

(i) Complete the sentence appropriately.

Hana was attired in ____________.

Ans. a dark-blue woollen haori over her kimono.

(ii) With reference to the above, how will you describe Dr. Sadao as a son?

(A) indifferent

(B) obedient

(D) practical

Ans. (B) obedient

(iii) What is ‘this moment’ all about?

It is a moment of :

(A) emotional turmoil.

(B) tranquility.

(D) conflict.

Ans. (A) emotional turmoil.

(iv) From the extract, what can you infer about Dr. Sadao and Hana’s relationship?

Ans. Dr. Sadao and Hana’s relationship is built on mutual respect and cultural values, as evidenced by Dr. Sadao’s decision to wait until he was sure Hana was Japanese before falling in love with her, respecting his father’s wishes.

Question and Answers

Q1. What was the servants’ reaction to Sadao’s decision of treating the American soldier? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The servants reacted with fear and disapproval to Sadao’s decision to treat the American soldier. They were concerned about the repercussions and believed that helping the enemy was dangerous and unpatriotic.

Q2. ‘Don’t thank me too early’. Sadao said coldly. What inference is drawn about Sadao’s state of mind from the above line? [40-50 Words]

Ans. We can infer that although Sadao was treating the injured soldier at that moment, he could hand him over to the Japanese army once he recovered.

Q3. “I must get rid of this man for your sake”. Said Dr. Sadao.

How will you describe Dr. Sadao as a husband with reference to the above line? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Dr. Sadao is shown to be a considerate and protective husband. He is willing to take significant risks to ensure the safety and well-being of his wife, indicating his deep care and responsibility towards her.

Q4. ‘I must get rid of this man for your sake’.

How did Dr. Sadao act like a perfect husband? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Sadao was fulfilling his duty as a doctor even at the cost of being termed a traitor, however, when he saw that this was causing mental agony to his wife, he decided to get rid of the soldier as soon as possible. This shows his concern as a husband.

Q5. “I will have nothing to do with it,” Yumi said,

“I am a poor person and it is not my business.”

What inference can be drawn about the character of the speaker from the above expression? [40-50 Words]

Ans. These lines show that Yumi was poor and did not want to get into any trouble by washing an enemy soldier.

Q6. Dr. Sadao is disturbed and in a dilemma since he has decided to help the enemy soldier. Describe his conflict and the challenges faced in the form of a diary entry. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Dr. Sadao’s Diary Entry

[Date]

Today has been a day of great turmoil and moral conflict. I have taken a decision that weighs heavily on my conscience—helping the enemy soldier. As a doctor, my duty is to save lives, regardless of nationality. However, aiding an enemy could be seen as an act of treason.

I am torn between my professional oath and my loyalty to my country. The fear of being discovered and the potential consequences for my family add to my distress. Yet, I could not turn a blind eye to a wounded human being in need of care. This dilemma tests my ethical boundaries and challenges my principles.

I hope that my decision to save this man, driven by compassion and humanity, will not bring harm to my loved ones or me. Only time will reveal the outcome of this challenging situation.

Dr. Sadao

Q7. After having escaped from Japan with the help of Dr. Sadao, Tom (the prisoner of war) writes an article highlighting how Sadao’s actions demonstrated the importance of humanity and living in harmony.

You may begin like this :

Humanity is a value that binds us together …… [120-150 Words]

Ans. Humanity is a value that binds us together, transcending borders and conflicts. My experience in Japan, where I was saved by Dr. Sadao, is a testament to the power of compassion and human connection.

Dr. Sadao, a Japanese surgeon, found me, an American prisoner of war, washed ashore near his home. Despite the risk to his own life and his family’s safety, he chose to treat me. His actions were guided by his oath as a doctor and his intrinsic sense of humanity, not by the politics of war.

Through his selfless act, Dr. Sadao demonstrated that empathy and kindness can overcome hatred and prejudice. He saw me not as an enemy, but as a human being in need of help. This profound act of mercy saved my life and restored my faith in humanity.

Living in harmony requires us to look beyond differences and to treat each other with compassion and respect. Dr. Sadao’s courage and moral integrity remind us that even in the darkest times, our shared humanity can light the way to a better, more peaceful world. His story is a powerful reminder that true heroism lies in our ability to uphold the values of compassion and harmony, even in the face of great adversity.

Thank you.

Q8. “that if the man were whole I could turn him over to the Police ….. . But since he is wounded”

The above statement clearly displays Dr. Sadao’s commitment to his profession and compassion. Write an article in appreciation of Dr. Sadao’s professional ethics and his ability to rise above prejudices. You may begin like this.

Dr. Sadao proved himself to be a man with great humanitarian values ……… [120-150 Words]

Ans. Dr. Sadao proved himself to be a man with great humanitarian values. Once when he was in a dilemma to save an injured man or to let the enemy to die, he fulfilled his duty as a doctor and saved the injured man’s life. He planned to turn him over to the police once he recovered. He even discussed the matter with the General who proposed to get the soldier assasinated. Finally, we see that Sadao is not able to keep the soldier any longer and when the General does not send the killers, he aids the soldier into an escape. He provides all amenities to the soldier and directs him to catch the Korean ships from the island. Thus, Dr Sadao completes his duty as a doctor.

Also see:

The Enemy Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

The Enemy Summary, Explanation

The Enemy MCQs

The Enemy Character Sketches

Chapter 5 – On the Face of It

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

(a) Derry : I….there….I thought this was an empty place. I didn’t know there was anybody here…

Mr. Lamb : That’s all right. I’m here. What are you afraid of, boy? That’s all right.

Derry : I thought it was empty…..an empty house.

Mr. Lamb : So it is. Since I’m out here in the garden. It is empty. Until I go back inside. In the meantime, I’m out here and likely to stop. A day like this. Beautiful day. Not a day to be indoors.

Derry : [Panic] I’ve got to go.

(i) Derry was stammering because of :

(A) a speech defect.

(B) excitement.

(D) fear.

Ans. (D) fear.

(ii) Complete the sentence appropriately.

Derry insisted on going back because __________.

Ans. he was afraid of Mr. Lamb and unfamiliar surroundings.

(iii) Mr. Lamb was trying to tell Derry that :

(A) it was a matter of perception.

(B) Derry could stay with him.

(D) he was fond of company.

Ans. (A) it was a matter of perception.

(iv) From the extract, one can infer that Mr. Lamb was a/an :

(A) compassionate man.

(B) mysterious character.

(D) unreasonable man.

Ans. (A) compassionate man

(b) Derry : I’d not come to steal anything.

Mr. Lamb : No, no. The young lads steal…… scrump the apples. You’re not so young.

Derry : I just……..wanted to come in. Into the garden.

Mr. Lamb : So you did. Here we are, then.

Derry : You don’t know who I am.

Mr. Lamb : A boy. Thirteen or so.

Derry : Fourteen. [Pause] But I’ve got to go now. Good-bye.

Mr. Lamb : Nothing to be afraid of. Just a garden. Just me.

Derry : But I’m not …. I’m not afraid. [Pause] People are afraid of me.

(i) Why does Mr. Lamb feel that Derry has not come to steal?

Ans. Mr. Lamb feels that Derry has not come to steal because Derry’s intent appears to be simply exploring the garden and talking to him, rather than stealing.

(ii) Cite instances from the extract which show that Mr. Lamb is trying to put Derry at ease.

Ans. Mr. Lamb addresses Derry kindly, says “Nothing to be afraid of,” and reassures him by calling the garden “Just a garden” and himself “Just me.”

(iii) Choose the correct statement :

(A) Derry entered the garden as he was fascinated by the bees.

(B) Derry came to meet Mr. Lamb.

(D) Derry entered as he wanted to see the garden.

Ans. (D) Derry entered as he wanted to see the garden.

(iv) People are afraid of Derry because _________.

Ans. of his physical appearance, which makes him feel isolated and judged by others.

Question Answers

Q1. Why does Derry not like being with people? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Derry does not like being with people because he feels judged and pitied for his appearance. After an accident left him with severe facial scars, he experiences isolation and discrimination, making him self-conscious and reluctant to interact with others who often treat him differently because of his looks.

Q2. Physically impaired people have to suffer pain and a sense of alienation due to the behaviour of the people around them. It’s ironical that people who should be treated with empathy are either avoided or pitied. Discuss. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Physically impaired people often endure not only their disabilities but also the insensitivity and prejudice of those around them. This societal behaviour exacerbates their pain and sense of isolation. Instead of receiving empathy and support, they are often met with avoidance or pity, which only deepens their alienation. The irony lies in the fact that those who need understanding and acceptance are often marginalized. This is evident in the character of Derry from “On the Face Of It,” who experiences both direct and indirect forms of discrimination due to his appearance. Such treatment underscores a societal failure to recognize and respect the intrinsic value of individuals with disabilities. True empathy involves treating them with dignity and integrating them fully into the social fabric, rather than perpetuating their sense of otherness.

Q3. Mr. Lamb : Lord, boy, you’ve got two arms, two legs and eyes and ears ……..

You could get on better than all the rest. Optimism is the best tool to face challenges in life.

Imagine you are Mr. Lamb. You want to give a motivational speech to a group of differently abled students urging them to be positive in their approach to life. Write the speech on behalf of Mr. Lamb.

You may begin like this.

Hello ! Dear Students ! Believe in yourself. Nothing is impossible… (On the Face of it) [120-150 Words]

Ans. Hello! Dear Students!

Believe in yourself. Nothing is impossible if you set your mind to it. You have two arms, two legs, eyes, and ears – you can achieve so much more than you think. Life is full of challenges, but optimism is your best tool to overcome them.

Remember, everyone has their own battles to fight, and it’s your attitude that makes the difference. Stay positive, embrace your abilities, and never let anyone tell you that you can’t achieve your dreams. Use your strengths to your advantage, and always look for opportunities to grow.

Surround yourself with positive influences, set goals, and work hard to achieve them. Your determination and resilience will take you far. Believe in your potential and face life with a smile. You are capable of amazing things!

Thank you!

Q4. Mr. Lamb : Oh, there’s lot of things I’ve learned to do, and plenty of time for it. Years. I take it steady.” (On the Face of it)

Mr. Lamb, despite his handicap learnt to be independent and has proved where there is a will, there is a way. As a motivational speaker, write a speech to be delivered to school students, highlighting how one should develop resilience and determination to achieve one’s goal citing references from this story.

You may begin like this.

To remain resilient during difficult times, will help one move forward in life. [120-150 Words]

Ans. To remain resilient during difficult times, will help one move forward in life. We see a powerful character of Mr Lamb who is old and has lost a leg in the war. Despite these hurdles, he is energetic and lively. Mr Lamb keeps himself busy, welcomes everyone to his garden, reads books and has an optimistic approach towards life. Although he is alone, he does not feel lonely and makes friends with visitors. Mr Lamb considers weeds and plants to be same – it’s all life. Kids laugh at him and call him Lamey-Lamb due to the tim leg but he is indifferent. He accepts the fact and does not fret over it. He is not bothered by the hurt the tin leg causes him. He inspires Derry by saying that he should not be dejected if his half face is burnt. He has many other bounties with which he can achieve all that he wishes for. Mr. Lamb is a very strong character.

Q5. Derry : Oh no, because if I don’t go back there, I’ll never go anywhere in this world again. (On the Face of it)

Derry later realises that the decision taken at that moment helped him to come out of shell. As Derry, write a diary entry expressing your happiness and thanking your stars for the right decision taken.

You may begin like this.

I was so fortunate to be able to be decisive at the right moment…….. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Dear diary

I was so fortunate to be able to be decisive at the right moment. I had to put my foot down or else I would never be able to speak up for myself. I gathered a lot of courage to speak my mind. I wanted to go to Mr Lamb and I was able to fulfil my desire. Mr Lamb encouraged me and changed my perception. I felt that I was liberated and free from the burden of carrying a burned face. There is so much more to me and to life than just sulking over my burned face. I feel liberated and free to do whatever I feel like. I feel so light.

Bye dear diary.

Q6. Imagine you are Derry speaking at the funeral of Mr. Lamb highlighting Mr. Lamb’s optimism and the change he brought about in your attitude towards life.

You may begin like this.

Dear friends,

I will be eternally grateful to Mr. Lamb …… [120-150 Words]

Ans. Dear friends,

I will be eternally grateful to Mr. Lamb for the profound impact he had on my life. When I first met him, I was filled with anger and self-pity due to my scarred face. I saw the world as a hostile place and felt isolated. But Mr. Lamb, with his unwavering optimism and kindness, changed my perspective entirely.

He taught me to see beyond my physical appearance and to appreciate the beauty of life. He showed me that everyone has their own struggles and that it is our attitude that defines us, not our scars. Mr. Lamb’s garden was a sanctuary of hope and acceptance, where I learned to embrace life with courage and positivity.

His words and actions have left an indelible mark on my heart. He made me realize the importance of looking beyond the surface and finding joy in the simplest things. Mr. Lamb’s legacy will continue to inspire me and many others to live with hope and optimism, no matter the challenges we face.

Thank you

Q7. Things out, shutting things in.

The above statement speaks about Mr. Lamb’s open mindedness and large heartedness despite his disability. Inspired by his thought, you as a student leader, give a motivational speech to your class on how positive attitude and broad mindedness will help one succeed in life.

You may begin like this.

Good morning to one & all.

Being positive and open minded will definitely make you evolve and grow ……. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Good morning to one & all.

Being positive and open minded will definitely make you evolve and grow. The character of Mr Lamb projects these two qualities. He does not consider weeds as unwanted and says that it is all life and same as him and Derry. He got a tin leg and limped while walking, the kids teased him by calling him Lamey Lamb but he took it as a matter of fact. He lived all alone and kept the gates of the garden open to welcome everyone. He enjoyed talking to peopleand even heard the bees in the garden ‘sing’.

Mr Lamb tries to pass his positivity to Derry when he says that he had two arms, two legs,eyes and ears, a tongue and a brain and he could do better than the rest.

He has many friends who visit him and he shares the various home-made toffees with them. In all these years, he had learned plenty of things. Thus, we see Mr Lamb is positive and poen-minded person.

Q8. Derry : It’s got nothing to do with my face and what I look like.

You do agree with Derry that appearance doesn’t define a person. Only one’s potential and innate qualities gain one respect and dignity in society.

As Derry, write a diary entry regretting how you wasted your time indulging in self-pity and frustration and how your encounter with Mr. Lamb transformed your personality.

You may begin like this.

I do really thank my stars for bringing Mr. Lamb into my life ………… [120-150 Words]

Ans. Dear Diary

I do really thank my stars for bringing Mr. Lamb into my life. All these years got wasted in frustration due to my burnt face. I was full of self-pity and bitterness towards anyone and everyone who came across me. I would look at people’s faces to judge their reaction on seeing me and then get bitter at them. I hated myself for this ugly appearance and felt that I could never achieve anything in my life.

However, my meeting with Mr Lamb has changed my perspective. He told me that despite being laughed at for a tin leg and limpy walk, he accepted the fact and did not mind the kids mocking at him. Mr Lamb told me that I am blessed with all four limbs, eyes, ears, brain and tongue and could achieve anything. No one had ever induced so much positivity and confidence in me. I had only received pity and hatred. When Mr Lamb showed acceptance for me, I felt so confident. I am full of joy and am thankful to him.

Bye dear diary

Also see:

On the Face of It Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

On the Face of It Summary, Explanation

On the Face of It MCQs

On the Face of It Character Sketches

Chapter 6 – Memories of Childhood (Part 1 – The Cutting of My Long Hair Zitkala-Sa)

Read the following extracts and answer the questions :

I did not open my mouth to answer. Then the steps were quickened and the voices became excited. The sounds came nearer and nearer. Women and girls entered the room. I held my breath and watched them open closet doors and peep behind large trunks. Someone threw up the curtains, and the room was filled with sudden light. What caused them to stoop and look under the bed. I do not know. I remember being dragged out, though I resisted by kicking and scratching wildly. In spite of myself, I was carried downstairs and tied fast in a chair. (Memories of Childhood)

(i) Select the appropriate option :

………..sounds came nearer and nearer…………….

(A) describes the increase in volume.

(B) adds suspense and anxiety to readers.

(D) is a factual narrative.

Ans. (B) adds suspense and anxiety to readers.

(ii) Complete the following sentence :

‘Inspite of myself’ suggests that the speaker was _________.

Ans. ‘Inspite of myself’ suggests that the speaker was resisting.

(iii) What do you infer from the first line of the extract?

(A) It was her first day in school.

(B) She did not want to get caught.

(D) She preferred to be by herself.

Ans. (B) She did not want to get caught.

(iv) State whether the statement given below is True or False :

The speaker hoodwinked the people looking for her.

Ans. False

Question Answers

Q1. Zitkala-Sa says, “Eating by formula wasn’t the hardest trial in that first day.” What does she mean by ‘Eating by formula’? [40-50 Words]

Ans. ‘Eating by formula’ refers to the strict and unfamiliar eating routines imposed at the boarding school. Zitkala-Sa found it difficult to adapt to these new rules, which were part of the broader challenge of adjusting to a new and oppressive environment.

Q2. “Then I lost my spirit.” What are the incidents that led Zitkala-Sa to feel this way? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Zitkala-Sa felt she lost her spirit due to the traumatic experiences she faced at the boarding school. She was forced to conform to the white man’s ways, including cutting her hair and adopting unfamiliar customs, which led to a deep sense of alienation and loss of her cultural identity.

Q3. “I had been tossed about in the air like a wooden puppet” and now my long hair was shingled like a coward’s…”

What inference about the life of Zitkala-Sa can be drawn from the above statement? [40-50 Words]

Ans. We can infer that she was treated as an object. Zitkala-Sa was a young girl and away from her family. She couldn’t help herself when she was overpowered by the school authorities who cut her hair although in her community, cut hair indicated a coward.

Q4. Justify the statement, ‘It may take a long time for oppression to be resisted but the seeds of rebellion are sowed early in life. [120-150 Words]

Ans. The statement reflects the notion that while the struggle against oppression might seem prolonged and challenging, the foundation for resistance is often laid early in life. This is evident in various historical and literary contexts where early experiences of injustice and inequality foster a sense of awareness and desire for change. In “Memories of Childhood,” Zitkala-Sa’s early experiences with cultural suppression plant the seeds of her rebellion against the imposed norms. Similarly, in other contexts, childhood experiences of inequality and resistance shape individuals’ later actions and attitudes towards oppression. The formative experiences of injustice and the initial stirrings of rebellion during youth provide the critical momentum necessary for a more significant and prolonged resistance against systemic oppression in adulthood.

Q5. In the two stories of Bama and Zitkala-Sa in the lesson of “Memories of Childhood” there are certain similarities of strength in the face of social challenges. Write a diary entry sharing your observations. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Diary Entry:

29th July 2024

Dear Diary,

Today, I reflected on the stories of Bama and Zitkala-Sa from “Memories of Childhood,” and I was struck by their remarkable strength in confronting social challenges. Both faced severe discrimination—Bama due to her caste and Zitkala-Sa due to her ethnicity. Despite their young ages, they exhibited resilience and a deep sense of justice. Bama channelled her anger and frustration into academic excellence, using education as a tool to fight oppression. Zitkala-Sa, on the other hand, resisted the cultural erasure imposed by her boarding school, holding steadfast to her identity and heritage. Their stories highlight the power of inner strength and the importance of self respect in the face of adversity. It’s inspiring to see how both girls, though from different backgrounds, shared a common determination to overcome the injustices they faced and to carve out their own paths. These narratives remind me of the importance of standing up against discrimination and valuing one’s cultural identity.

Goodnight, Diary.

XYZ

Also see:

Memories of Childhood (Part 1) Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

Memories of Childhood (Part 1) Summary, Explanation

Memories of Childhood (Part 1) MCQs

Memories of Childhood (Part 1) Character Sketches

Chapter 6 – Memories of childhood (Part 2 – We Too Are Human Beings)

Q1. ‘The words that Annan spoke to me that day made a deep impression on me’.

What inference do you draw about the bond between Annan and Bama? [40-50 Words]

Ans. The bond between Annan and Bama is strong and influential. Annan’s words have a profound impact on Bama, suggesting that she deeply respects and values his guidance and wisdom.

Q2. “The words that Annan spoke to me that day made a deep impression on me.” How was Annan able to inspire Bama? [40-50 Words]

Ans. Annan told Bama that they were born into a low caste and so, they were humiliated by the upper caste people. The only way to overcome this challenge was education. He guided Bama to study with care and learn all that she could. These words made a deep impact on Bama.

Q3. In the two stories of Bama and Zitkala-Sa in the lesson of “Memories of Childhood” there are certain similarities of strength in the face of social challenges. Write a diary entry sharing your observations. [120-150 Words]

Ans. Diary Entry:

29th July 2024

Dear Diary,

Goodnight, Diary.

XYZ

Also see:

Memories of Childhood (Part 2) Important Questions, NCERT Solutions, Extra Questions

Memories of Childhood (Part 2) Summary, Explanation

Memories of Childhood (Part 2) MCQs

Memories of Childhood (Part 2) Character Sketches

Class 12 English Core Previous Year Question Paper (2024) with Solutions

CBSE Class 12 English Core Chapter-wise Previous Years Questions (2024) with Solution

Flamingo Book

Question Answers

Flamingo Book – Poems

Vistas Book

Question Answers

Chapter 6 – Memories of childhood (Part 2 – We Too Are Human Beings)

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