ICSE Class 9 English word meanings

by | Jul 1, 2024 | General | 0 comments

 

ICSE Class 9 English word meanings

 

ICSE Class 9 English Meanings of Difficult Words from All Chapters (Prose and Poetry) of Treasure Chest Book

 

ICSE Class 9 English Word Meanings – Here, the difficult words and their meanings of all the chapters of ICSE Class 9 English Treasure Chest Book (A Collection of ICSE Poems and Short Stories) have been compiled for the convenience of the students. This is an exhaustive list of the words and meanings of all the Prose and Poetry from the Treasure Chest book of ICSE Class 9 English. The difficult words’ meanings have been explained lucidly so that every student can understand them.

 

PROSE

POETRY

DRAMA

 

PROSE

 

Bonku Babu’s Friend

  1. Pique: Irritation resulting from a slight to one’s pride.
  2. Enthralled: Captured someone’s interest and attention completely.
  3. Endurance: The ability to continue doing something for a long period of time without giving up.
  4. Spook: Ghost
  5. Obscure: Not well known
  6. Feigned: pretended
  7. Nudged: Pushed gently
  8. Irrepressible: Full of life and energy
  9. Guffaw: Laughing noisily
  10. Aurora Borealis: The Northern Lights
  11. Striding: Walking with long, decisive steps in a specified direction
  12. Translucent: Allowing light to pass through but not transparent
  13. Foliage: Leaves and branches of a tree together
  14. Sycophant: Someone who insincerely praises a powerful person in order to get some favour
  15. Goose Pimples: Also known as goosebumps, raised spots on skin when someone is cold, frightened or excited. 

 

 

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Oliver Asks for More

  1. Workhouse: A government-run institution that provided basic food and shelter to the poor.
  2. Orphan: A child whose parents have died.
  3. Pale: Having very light skin color, often due to illness or lack of sunlight.
  4. Meager: Very small or insufficient in amount.
  5. Seized: To grab or take hold of someone or something suddenly and forcefully.
  6. Coffins: Boxes in which a dead person’s body is buried.

 
 
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The Model Millionaire

  1. Accomplishment: Achievement 
  2. Privilege: Special right
  3. Prosaic: Lacking imagination or excitement; ordinary and practical
  4. Profile: The outline of something, especially a person’s face, as seen from the side.
  5. Accomplishment: Something that has been successfully achieved.
  6. Bequeathed: To give something to someone after one dies
  7. Conquest: Victory 
  8. Cavalry: Soldiers who fight on horseback
  9. Pekoe and souchong: Types of black tea
  10. Sherry: A fortified wine, typically dry and pale
  11. Ineffectual: Not producing the desired effect; useless
  12. Adored: Loved deeply
  13. not a penny-piece between them: They lacked money
  14. Glum: Sullen and bad-tempered
  15. Consolation: The comfort received by a person after a loss or disappointment
  16. Ragged: Torn and hanging in loose strips
  17. Freckled: Having many small brown spots on the skin, especially on face
  18. Acknowledged: Recognized or admitted to be true
  19. Repose: A state of rest or relaxation
  20. Dandies: Men who dress very fashionably and care a lot about their appearance
  21. Buoyant: Happy and confident
  22. Fascinating: Charming 
  23. Reckless: Taking risks without considering the possible negative consequences
  24. Parchment: A thin, stiff and somewhat translucent paper. (The Baron’s face is compared to parchment due to wrinkles and his age.)
  25. Piteous: Causing you to feel sadness and sympathy
  26. Coarse: Rough and unpleasant in texture or quality.
  27. Cloak: A long, loose outer garment
  28. Tatters: Pieces of something that is torn or hanging loosely
  29. Cobbled: Mended or patched coarsely
  30. Battered: Damaged or beaten (It could describe the beggar’s clothes or his appearance.)
  31. Alms: Money given to the poor as charity
  32. Velasquez: A famous Spanish painter known for his portraits and historical scenes.
  33. Rembrandt: A famous painter, known for his use of light and shadow.
  34. Etching: A way of making pictures by using acid that eats away hard surfaces, like metal or glass.
  35. Consolation: Comfort or solace, especially in times of sadness
  36. Easel: A stand that supports an artist’s canvas while they paint 
  37. Forlorn: Feeling sad, abandoned, or hopeless
  38. Wretch/Wretched: A miserable or unfortunate person
  39. A sovereign: An old British gold coin
  40. Coppers: Copper coins (These were usually of low value)
  41. Hansoms: Horse-drawn carriages
  42. Fortnight: A period of two weeks
  43. Flitted: Moved swiftly or lightly
  44. Withered: Dry and decaying
  45. Extravagance: Excessive spending on luxury items
  46. Hock and seltzer: A drink made with Rhine wine (hock) and sparkling water (seltzer)
  47. Prospects: Chances of future success or prosperity
  48. Dreadful: Extremely unpleasant or bad.
  49. Miserable: Very unhappy or uncomfortable
  50. Splendid: Excellent, or beautiful and impressive
  51. Picturesqueness: visually interesting 
  52. Relentless: cruel
  53. Overdrawing: Spending more money than one has in their bank account
  54. Magnificent: Grand, impressive, or beautiful
  55. Dismay: A feeling of disappointment or shock
  56. Reckless: Taking unnecessary risks or acting without thinking.
  57. By Jove: An exclamation similar to “Good heavens!” used to express surprise or frustration.
  58. Wasn’t in full dress: This means someone wasn’t wearing their most formal attire
  59. Duffer: Unskillful 
  60. In the highest spirits: Very happy and energetic 
  61. Chuckling: A quiet, suppressed laugh
  62. Capital story: This is an outdated but enthusiastic way of saying “excellent story” or “wonderful story”.
  63. Growled: A low, harsh guttural sound, often used to express anger or frustration 
  64. Philanthropic: Someone who is generous and donates to charitable causes 
  65. Apology: An expression of regret or sorrow for a fault or offence
  66. Commissioned: This means to formally ask someone to create a work of art for a fee
  67. stammered: A speech disorder where a person has difficulty speaking fluently (Stammering may sound like mmmmmmoney)
  68. Wizened: to become dry, shrunken, and wrinkled often as a result of ageing
  69. to kiss her shoe-strings: means he was ready to do anything for her

 

 

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Home-Coming 

  1. Ringleader: one who leads others in improper activities
  2. Mud-flat: a flat area of land that is often exposed at low tide and covered in mud.
  3. Mas: upright support for the sails
  4. Seconded the proposal: express one’s agreement to a proposal
  5. Unanimously: everyone in the group agreed on something, without any disagreement
  6. Sauntered: to walk slowly in a relaxed and casual way, often suggesting a lack of urgency or purpose./ confused or unable to understand something. 
  7. Puzzled: confused or unable to understand something
  8. Timidly: done in a shy or hesitant way
  9. Unconcerned: not worried or troubled about something
  10. Futility: the state of being useless or pointless
  11. Thrash: beat with a stick, as punishment
  12. Regal: having the characteristics of a king or queen; majestic, dignified
  13. Dignity: quality of being worthy of respect
  14. Crisis: difficult or dangerous time
  15. Manoeuvre: a clever or skilful movement, especially one made to deceive an enemy
  16. Discomfit: to make someone feel uncomfortable or embarrassed
  17. Peril: serious danger or risk
  18. Heave: to lift or pull something heavy with a great effort
  19. Glory: great honour or praise
  20. Hoarse: rough and harsh
  21. Fury: anger
  22. Blind as Fate: Fate is often personified as blind, meaning it cannot see the future or control what happens.
  23. Sunken: partly submerged under water
  24. Landing: a place where people or goods can be embarked or disembarked from boats.
  25. Shore: edge of the land next to a large body of river, lake or ocean
  26. Impotent: powerless or ineffective
  27. Indignantly: hatefully
  28. Sheepish: looked foolish
  29. Hammered: Hit repeatedly 
  30. Blows: Punches or strikes
  31. Critical Juncture: a crucial or decisive moment
  32. Grey-haired: having hair that is grey in colour, a sign of ageing
  33. Perpetual nuisance: constantly annoying or troublesome
  34. Disobedient: not obeying rules or instructions
  35. Wild: uncontrolled
  36. As good as gold: excellent or perfect in character
  37. Quiet as a lamb: very quiet and gentle
  38. Readily: willingly and without hesitation
  39. Hastened: hurried or rushed
  40. Rejoicing: great happiness and celebration
  41. Prejudice: an opinion that is not based on reason or experience
  42. Immense: very great or large
  43. Distressed: upset or worried
  44. Eagerness: strong desire or enthusiasm
  45. Perpetuity: forever or indefinitely
  46. Bequeathed: to give something to someone in your will, typically after you die.
  47. Unbounded: limitless or unrestricted
  48. On pins and needles: very anxious or nervous with anticipation
  49. Generosity: large heartedness
  50. Indiscretion: lack of good judgement or careful behaviour; an unwise act
  51. Ornamental: serving as decoration or adornment; not having a practical use
  52. Impertinent: rude or disrespectful, especially in a way that is considered to be amusing
  53. Resented: to feel bitterness or indignation at something considered unjust, unfair, insulting, or injurious
  54. Indecent haste: an excessively fast or hurried way that is considered inappropriate
  55. Unduly: To an unnecessary or unreasonable degree
  56. Lapse: a temporary failure of judgement, behaviour, or memory
  57. Nuisance: a person or thing that causes annoyance, inconvenience, or trouble. 
  58. Self-conscious: uncomfortably aware of oneself and how one is seen by others
  59. Undue indulgence: excessive kindness or leniency, which is seen as harmful
  60. Paradise: a place or state of ideal happiness and peace
  61. Slighted: to treat someone with a lack of respect or attention; to offend someone. 
  62. Oppressed: Feeling weighed down, burdened, or restricted
  63. Despot: An absolute ruler with complete control, often used negatively for a cruel ruler.
  64. Tyrant: A cruel and oppressive ruler.
  65. Longing: an intense feeling of desire or yearning for something or someone.
  66. Inexpressible: unable to be expressed in words
  67. Wistfulness: a feeling of sadness and longing for something that is missing or that one has lost
  68. Uncouth: Lacking manners or refinement, awkward and clumsy.
  69. Gaped: stared with the mouth open, often in surprise or confusion
  70. Espied: caught sight of something or someone, especially secretly.
  71. Gazed: looked long and steadily
  72. Summoned up: Gathered or found courage
  73. Unmercifully: without mercy or kindness 
  74. Abjectly miserable: extremely unhappy and in a bad state 
  75. Jeer: to make fun of someone in a rude or mocking way
  76. Pursed her lips in contempt: tightened her lips in a way that shows disgust or disapproval
  77. Lout: a clumsy or stupid person
  78. Country lout: ill-mannered villager
  79. Futile: useless
  80. Shivering: uncontrollable shaking
  81. Torrents: heavy and continuous downpours of rain
  82. Drenched through to the skin: completely soaked, especially by rain.
  83. Constables: Police officers of a lower rank
  84. Limbs: arms and legs.
  85. Tremble: shake uncontrollably
  86. Heap of trouble: someone who causes a lot of problems or difficulties
  87. Exclaimed: said something loudly and suddenly, often due to surprise or strong emotion
  88. Sobbed: cried uncontrollably with shaking breaths.
  89. Delirious: in a confused state of mind, often accompanied by hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there).
  90. Vacantly: blankly, without any clear thought or purpose 
  91. Flung: Threw somebody suddenly
  92. Lean: thin, possibly due to illness or malnutrition.
  93. Mutter: to speak softly and unintelligibly
  94. Fathoms: a unit of length used primarily for measuring the depth of water, equal to six feet (1.8 meters). In the context of the crying, it’s a metaphor for Phatik navigating through a difficult and unknown situation.
  95. Plumb-line: a weighted line used for measuring the depth of water. Phatik’s cries reference the sailor marking the depth, but metaphorically, it suggests Phatik is grappling with his own unknown depths of illness and delirium.
  96. Unfathomable: too deep or mysterious to be fully understood
  97. Whirlwind: something that moves very quickly and forcefully, often causing disruption
  98. Agitation: a state of great restlessness or worry
  99. Darling: a term of endearment used for someone loved deeply
  100. Restless: unable to relax or stay still
  101. Ceased: stopped completely
  102. Beating up and down: A repetitive motion, possibly suggesting Phatik is hitting something or moving his hands rapidly.

 

 

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The Boy Who Broke the Bank

  1. Grumbled: complained
  2. Hurriedly: quickly
  3. Annoyed: angry
  4. Plodded: walked with heavy steps
  5. Hoisted: lifted
  6. Ayah: maidservant
  7. Exhausted: used up
  8. Tamarind a tropical: African tree
  9. Stationary: motionless
  10. Bankrupt: insolvent
  11. Collapsed: fall down
  12. Yelped: cried
  13. Rapidly: quickly
  14. Astonished: surprised
  15. Imminent: near at hand
  16. Frenzy: madness
  17. Dilemma: predicament
  18. Persuade: coax
  19. Aggravated: exasperated
  20. Placate: pacify
  21. Hurtled: moved at high speed

 

 

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POEMS

 

The Night Mail

  1. Beattock: A village in Scotland
  2. Gradient: The slope of a road or railway line.
  3. Moorland: Open, uncultivated land with low vegetation.
  4. Boulder: A large, round rock
  5. Shovelling: pushing quickly and in large quantities.
  6. Snorting: to force air violently through the nose with a rough harsh sound
  7. Blank-faced coaches: Train coaches with no passengers on board.
  8. Slumber: poetic term for sleep.
  9. Paws across: This describes the sheepdogs’ relaxed posture, with their paws crossed in front of them.
  10. Descends: Move downward. (In this context, the train is going downhill towards Glasgow)
  11. Glade: An open space in a forest or woodland. (Here, it’s used metaphorically to describe a large area filled with cranes)
  12. Apparatus: Equipment or machinery used for a particular purpose. (Here, it refers to the industrial machinery)
  13. Furnaces: Large enclosed structures in which fuel is burned to produce heat at high temperatures. 
  14. Gigantic: Extremely large or enormous.
  15. Glens: A narrow valley between steep hills or mountains, especially in Scotland and Ireland. (A secluded valley)
  16. Long for: Have a strong desire or feeling of need for something. 
  17. Sea lochs: An inlet of the sea forming a long, narrow arm into the land, especially on a rocky coast. Lochs means lakes. 
  18. Receipted bills: Bills that have a stamp or mark showing they have been paid.
  19. Applications for situations: Applications for jobs (situation here refers to someone’s position or employment).
  20. Timid: Shy or hesitant.
  21. Declarations: Statements or announcements, often of strong feelings.
  22. Gossip: Rumours or unsubstantiated information about other people.
  23. Circumstantial: Providing details about the surrounding circumstances.
  24. Financial: Relating to money and finances.
  25. Snaps: Informal photographs, often taken quickly.
  26. Enlarge: To make something bigger.
  27. Margin: The edge or border of a page.
  28. Condolences: Expressions of sympathy on the death of someone.
  29. Highlands and Lowlands: Geographical regions of Scotland, with the Highlands being the more mountainous and rural area, and the Lowlands being the plains and more populated area.
  30. Hebrides: A group of islands off the west coast of Scotland.
  31. Hue: A particular shade or color of light.
  32. Chatty: Friendly and talkative.
  33. Catty: Mean-spirited or malicious in remarks about others.
  34. Adoring: Filled with great love and admiration.
  35. Outpouring: A large or continuous flow of something, often emotions.
  36. Cranston’s or Crawford’s: References to tea shops or cafes in Edinburgh, Scotland at the time the poem was written.
  37. Well-set (Edinburgh): Prosperous and attractive city, well-maintained and established.
  38. Granite: A type of very hard rock.
  39. Long for: This means to have a strong desire for something.
  40. Quickening of the heart: Speeding up of the heartbeat. (The sound of the postman’s knock will cause their hearts to beat faster due to excitement.)

 

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Skimbleshanks: The Railway Cat

  1. Whisper: murmur
  2. Thimble: a small pitted cup worn on the finger that protects it from being pricked or poked by a needle while sewing. 
  3. high and low: at all places
  4. Nimble: moving with ease; agile
  5. Frantic: quite restless
  6. Saunter: walk in a slow, relaxed way
  7. The rear: backside
  8. Patrol: act of going around an area to see if everything is fine
  9. Folk: here, folk refers to people aboard the train
  10. Hilarity: amusement involving noisy laughter
  11. Riot: unbecoming behaviour /chaos
  12. Pranks: tricks
  13. Den: small cabin
  14. Berth: a seat to sleep
  15. Speck: a tiny spot
  16. Crank: a bar and handle in the shape of I that you can pull or turn
  17. Brightly: cheerfully
  18. Creep into: move softly
  19. Cosy: comfortable
  20. Reflect: think
  21. Bothered: troubled
  22. Counterpane: a bedspread
  23. Flea: a blood-sucking insect
  24. Elation: excited cheerfulness
  25. Wave: movement to say or suggest something

 

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I Remember, I Remember 

  1. Peeping in: looking in secretly through a small opening
  2. Morn: morning
  3. Borne: carry
  4. Borne my breath away: to carry my life away; to cause death
  5. Violets: a kind of flower
  6. Robin: a kind of bird
  7. Laburnum: a small tree with hanging bunches of yellow flowers
  8. Swallows: a kind of bird
  9. Feathers: soft light parts on the body of a bird
  10. Fever on my brow: suggestive of misery and gloominess
  11. Fir trees: forest trees with leaves like needles
  12. Slender: delicate
  13. Tops: upper parts (or a tree)
  14. Close: near
  15. Father: distant

 

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A Doctor’s Journal Entry for August 6, 1945 

  1. Stretched: spread
  2. Gazed: looked intently
  3. Half-clad: dressed in less clothes
  4. Magnesium flares: When ignited, it produces bright light 
  5. Collapsed: fell down
  6. Timber: pieces of broken wood
  7. Weird: eerie/ strange
  8. Splinter: a small, thin, sharp piece of wood, glass, or similar material broken off from a larger piece. 
  9. Mangled: crushed/ damaged
  10. Jutted: stuck out
  11. Dislodged: took out
  12. Detachedly: indifferently
  13. Gushed out: flowed quickly
  14. Scared: frightened
  15. Emerged: came out
  16. Stumbling: trippling
  17. Tripped: caught your foot on something and almost fell
  18. Gasped out: breathed with difficulty
  19. Tilted: bent to one side
  20. Distress: misery
  21. Crept: moved very slowly
  22. Scarecrows: the people are compared to the dummy human forms placed in fields to frighten crows
  23. Dismayed: shocked
  24. Came across: met
  25. Marred: damaged/ruined
  26. Anguish: pain

 

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A Work of Artifice 

  1. Artifice: clever trick
  2. Bonsai: A miniature tree grown in a container, carefully shaped and pruned to maintain its small size. 
  3. Split: tear /break apart
  4. Lightning: a powerful electrical discharge in the atmosphere
  5. Pruned: cut off to make something smaller
  6. Whittles: reduce something in size, amount, or extent by a gradual series of steps.
  7. Croons: Sings in a soft, low voice.
  8. Cozy: comfortable
  9. Dwarf: stunt
  10. Bound: held together
  11. Crippled brain: suggestive of stunted mental growth
  12. Curlers: a kind of roller to make hair curly

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Drama

 

Julius Caesar Act 1, Scene 1

  1. Hence: Away from here; go.
  2. Idle: Lazy; not busy or working.
  3. Mechanical: A person who works with their hands; a manual laborer or tradesman.
  4. Laboring day: A workday; a day when people are expected to be working.
  5. Profession: Trade or occupation.
  6. Thy: A formal, old-fashioned word meaning your.
  7. Dost: An archaic form of the verb ‘do’, used with thou (an old word for ‘you’).
  8. Apparel: Clothing, especially formal or fancy attire.
  9. In respect of: A phrase meaning ‘in comparison to’ or ‘in relation to’.
  10. Conscience: A person’s sense of right and wrong; a moral compass.
  11. Soles: This word has a double meaning here: it refers both to the bottom part of a shoe and to a person’s soul, their spiritual or moral essence.
  12. Knave: A dishonest or unscrupulous man; a rogue.
  13. Naughty: In Shakespeare’s time, this often meant wicked or corrupt, not just mischievous.
  14. Out with me: Angry with me.
  15. Mend: To repair or fix.
  16. Cobble: To repair shoes.
  17. Awl: A small, pointed tool used by cobblers to make holes in leather.
  18. Meddle with: To involve oneself in something that is not one’s concern.
  19. Surgeon: A medical professional who performs surgery. The cobbler uses this for dramatic and humorous effect.
  20. Handiwork: Something made by hand.
  21. Proper men: Respectable or high-ranking men.
  22. Neat’s leather: Cowhide.
  23. Wherefore: why
  24. Dost: do
  25. Triumph: a great victory or achievement
  26. Rejoice: to celebrate or show great happiness
  27. Wherefore: A more formal way of saying ‘why’.
  28. Tributaries: In this context, it refers to conquered people or nations who would follow a victorious general in a triumph as a sign of their defeat and submission.
  29. Grace: To honor or dignify.
  30. Captive bonds: Being held as a prisoner in chains.
  31. Senseless: Lacking common sense or feeling; stupid.
  32. Pompey: A Roman general and statesman who was a rival of Julius Caesar. Caesar defeated Pompey’s sons in a civil war, making this a sensitive subject for Murellus and Flavius, who were loyal to the old Roman Republic.
  33. Livelong day: The entire day.
  34. Universal shout: A shout from everyone, a collective cheer.
  35. Tiber: The river that runs through Rome.
  36. Replication: An echo or reverberation.
  37. Concave shores: The curved banks of the river that would create an echo.
  38. Cull out: To select or choose.
  39. In triumph over Pompey’s blood: Celebrating a victory over Pompey’s descendants, effectively celebrating his defeat.
  40. Intermit: To stop or suspend.
  41. Plague: A severe punishment or disaster.
  42. Ingratitude: The state of being ungrateful; a lack of thankfulness.
  43. Tiber banks: The land along the Tiber River in Rome.
  44. Channel: The riverbed or the deepest part of the river.
  45. Most exalted shores: The highest, most elevated riverbanks.
  46. Basest metal: The word ‘metal’ is a pun on mettle. Flavius is referring to the commoners’ characters or spirits, saying that their lowest, most ignoble nature has been moved or affected by their guilt.
  47. Tongue-tied: Unable to speak; silenced.
  48. Disrobe the images: To strip or remove the ceremonial decorations from the statues of Caesar.
  49. Decked with ceremonies: Decorated with ornaments or symbols of honor.
  50. Feast of Lupercal: A Roman festival held on February 15th to celebrate the fertility god Lupercus and the founding of Rome. This day is important because it is when Caesar is offered the crown three times.
  51. Trophies: These are not physical awards, but objects taken from a defeated enemy as a sign of victory. In this context, they are likely banners, armor, or other decorations on Caesar’s statues.
  52. Vulgar: In Shakespeare’s time, this word referred to the common people or the lower class, not something obscene or crude.
  53. Pitch: This is a term from falconry, meaning the highest point a hawk or falcon can fly before it swoops down. Flavius uses it to mean an ordinary or normal height.
  54. Servile: This word means to be excessively obedient or submissive. Flavius fears they will all live in a state of fearful servitude to Caesar.

 

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Julius Caesar Act 1, Scene 2

  1. Doth: An old form of the word ‘does’.
  2. Dressed for a traditional foot race: Antony is wearing the appropriate attire for a ritual running event.
  3. The barren: Refers to a woman who is unable to have children.
  4. Holy chase: The sacred footrace that is part of the Roman festival of Lupercalia.
  5. Shake off their sterile curse: This means to get rid of their inability to have children. ‘Sterile’ means unable to reproduce, and ‘curse’ refers to a misfortune.
  6. Doth run his course: A phrase meaning ‘runs his race’ or ‘completes his path’.
  7. Ho!: A shout used to get someone’s attention or command silence.
  8. Set on: To start moving or to begin.
  9. Ceremony: A formal act or ritual, in this case, the procession and race of the festival of Lupercal.
  10. Bid: To command or order.
  11. Still: Silent; quiet.
  12. Press: A crowd or throng of people.
  13. Shriller: Having a higher, sharper sound.
  14. Turned to hear: He has stopped and is now listening intently.
  15. Soothsayer: A person who can see the future or foretell events.
  16. Beware: To be cautious or wary of someone or something.
  17. Ides of March: The 15th day of March in the Roman calendar.
  18. Set him before me: Bring him to the front so he is in my sight.
  19. Throng: A large, densely packed crowd of people.
  20. Soothsayer: A person who can see the future and make predictions.
  21. Ides of March: The 15th day of March, which was a specific date in the ancient Roman calendar.
  22. Dreamer: In this context, it means a foolish, impractical, or deluded person.
  23. Pass: An instruction to move on or continue.
  24. Gamesome: Playful, lively, or fond of games.
  25. Stubborn: In this context, it means unyielding, uncooperative, or ungracious.
  26. Deceived: Misled, fooled, or mistaken.
  27. Countenance: A person’s face or facial expression.
  28. Vexed: Annoyed, frustrated, or worried.
  29. Passions of some difference: Conflicting or varying emotions and thoughts.
  30. Conceptions only proper to myself: Thoughts or ideas that are unique and personal to him.
  31. Soil: To stain, tarnish, or spoil; in this case, his behavior
  32. Construe: Interpret or understand.
  33. Passion: it refers to one’s mood, feelings, or emotional state.
  34. By means whereof: Through which; as a result of which.
  35. Hath buried: Has hidden or kept secret.
  36. Worthy cogitations: Important thoughts or valuable ideas.
  37. Reflection: The act of thinking about something, or literally, an image produced by a mirror. In this context, it’s about seeing oneself through the perspective of others.
  38. ‘Tis just: It is true or correct.
  39. Lamented: Regretted; felt sad about.
  40. Hidden worthiness: Secret or unrecognized good qualities and value.
  41. Shadow: it means one’s true self or potential, what one casts as an impression.
  42. Best respect: People who are highly regarded or respected.
  43. Immortal: Living forever; not subject to death. Cassius uses this sarcastically to refer to Caesar.
  44. Groaning underneath this age’s yoke: Suffering under the burden or oppression of the current time, specifically referring to Caesar’s growing power.
  45. Had his eyes: Wished that Brutus could see his own true nature and potential, and the reality of the political situation.
  46. Seek into myself: To look inside oneself for personal qualities or motives.
  47. Reflection: The image of something as seen in a mirror or on a shiny surface.
  48. I, your glass: A metaphor where “glass” means mirror. Cassius is saying he will be a mirror for Brutus.
  49. Modestly discover: To humbly reveal or show something.
  50. Jealous on me: To be suspicious or distrustful of me.
  51. Laugher: A person who laughs easily; here, it refers to a flatterer or a person who doesn’t take things seriously.
  52. Stale with ordinary oaths: To make a promise or expression of friendship seem cheap and meaningless by using it too often.
  53. Protester: Someone who claims to be a friend.
  54. Fawn on men: To show excessive affection or to act like a servant to win favor.
  55. Scandal them: To speak ill of them or spread gossip after pretending to be their friend.
  56. Profess myself in banqueting to all the rout: To loudly announce one’s friendship to everyone at a feast.
  57. Rout: The crowd, the common people, or a mob.
  58. Wherefore: An older way of saying ‘why’.
  59. Impart: To communicate, disclose, or tell information to someone.
  60. Aught: Anything (an archaic word).
  61. General good: The well-being or benefit of all people in society; the common good.
  62. Indifferently: In this context, it means without preference or bias; impartially.
  63. So speed me: An old expression meaning ‘may the gods help me’ or ‘as truly as I mean this’.
  64. Virtue: Moral excellence; goodness; a commendable quality.
  65. Outward favour: External appearance; how someone looks on the outside.
  66. Honour: High respect; a quality that upholds a person’s good name and reputation.
  67. Lief: As soon; as gladly
  68. In awe: Filled with a feeling of fear, respect, and wonder.
  69. Chafing: Rubbing or irritating; in this context, the river was eroding or disturbing its banks.
  70. Darest thou: Do you dare; are you brave enough.
  71. Yonder: At some distance in the direction indicated; over there.
  72. Accoutred: Dressed or equipped, especially with military attire or gear.
  73. Plunged in: Jumped or dived quickly into something.
  74. Bade: Commanded or instructed; past tense of ‘bid’.
  75. Torrent: A strong and fast-moving stream of water or other liquid.
  76. Buffet: To strike or push repeatedly, especially with the hands or fists; to contend against or struggle with.
  77. Lusty sinews: Strong, vigorous muscles.
  78. Stemming it: Resisting or holding back the force of something (the current).
  79. Hearts of controversy: Spirits of defiance or struggle; a contentious or combative will.
  80. Ere: Before.
  81. Anchises: In Roman mythology, the mortal father of Aeneas.
  82. Wretched: Unhappy; miserable; contemptible.
  83. Bend his body: To humble oneself; to bow in submission.
  84. Nod on him: To give a casual gesture of acknowledgment or command.
  85. Fit was on him: He was suffering from an attack or seizure (referring to epilepsy).
  86. Did mark: Noticed; observed.
  87. Shake: Tremble or shiver.
  88. His coward lips did from their color fly: His lips lost their natural red color and turned pale, suggesting fear or weakness.
  89. Whose bend doth awe: Whose gaze or glance inspires fear or respect.
  90. Did lose his luster: Lost his brightness or shine; looked dull and lifeless.
  91. Groan: To make a deep, inarticulate sound in response to pain or distress.
  92. Bade the Romans Mark him and write his speeches in their books: Commanded the Romans to pay close attention to him and record his words.
  93. Alas: An exclamation of grief, pity, or concern.
  94. Sick girl: Used metaphorically to emphasize Caesar’s perceived weakness and vulnerability.
  95. Ye gods: An exclamation of surprise or exasperation.
  96. Doth amaze me: Amazes me.
  97. Feeble temper: Weak disposition or constitution; a fragile physical and mental state.
  98. Get the start of the majestic world: To gain an advantage or head start over the rest of the world i.e., rise to power.
  99. Bear the palm alone: To win all the honors or glory by himself.
  100. Bestride: To stand over something with a leg on each side.
  101. Colossus: A massive statue, referring to the ancient Colossus of Rhodes, a giant statue of the sun god Helios.
  102. Petty: Of little importance; trivial.
  103. Dishonorable: Lacking honor or integrity; disgraceful.
  104. Underlings: People of lower rank or authority.
  105. Conjure with ’em: To call upon a spirit using their name, suggesting the power of a name.
  106. Brooked: To tolerate or allow.
  107. Eternal devil: A phrase used to represent the ultimate evil or a terrifying force.
  108. Jealous: means suspicious or doubtful. Brutus is saying he doesn’t doubt Cassius’s love for him.
  109. Recount: To narrate or tell a story or series of events.
  110. Entreat: To ask someone earnestly or plead with them.
  111. Meet: it means appropriate or fitting.
  112. Chew upon this: A figurative phrase meaning to think about or consider something carefully.
  113. Repute: To be generally considered or to have a reputation of being a certain way.
  114. Struck but thus much show of fire: To create a small spark of anger or emotion.
  115. Pluck: To pull or tug quickly.
  116. Sour fashion: A bitter, cynical, or rude way of speaking.
  117. Hath proceeded worthy note: What has happened that is worth paying attention to.
  118. Doth glow: To shine with an intense color.
  119. Chidden train: A group of followers who look as if they have been scolded or rebuked.
  120. Ferret and such fiery eyes: A comparison to the fierce, red eyes of a ferret, suggesting anger or agitation.
  121. Crossed in conference: To be challenged or contradicted during a discussion.
  122. Sleek-headed: Having smooth or well-combed hair. It suggests a lack of worry.
  123. Yond: A contraction of the word “yonder,” meaning “that man over there.”
  124. Well given: A person who is well-mannered or has a good disposition.
  125. Liable to: To be likely to do or to be in a certain state.
  126. Spare: Thin, skinny.
  127. Looks quite through the deeds of men: To see or understand the true motives behind people’s actions.
  128. At heart’s ease: To feel calm and free from worry.
  129. Behold: To see or observe.
  130. Hath chanced: Has happened.
  131. Put it by: Pushed it away or rejected it.
  132. Thrice: Three times.
  133. Marry: An old-fashioned exclamation, originally a reference to the Virgin Mary, used to express surprise or to emphasize a statement.
  134. Foolery: Foolish or silly behavior.
  135. Coronets: A small crown, often worn by royalty or a lesser noble, as opposed to a full-sized crown.
  136. Fain: An old word meaning gladly or with pleasure. Casca says Caesar would ‘fain have had it’, meaning he would have gladly accepted the crown.
  137. Loath: Unwilling or reluctant. Casca says Caesar was ‘very loath to lay his fingers off it’, meaning he was very reluctant to let go of the coronet.
  138. Rabblement: A rabble or mob; a disorderly crowd of common people.
  139. Chopp’d: An older spelling of chapped, referring to hands that are rough and cracked from manual labor.
  140. Swooned: To faint.
  141. Durst: An archaic form of dared.
  142. Perceiv’d: An older form of perceived, meaning to become aware of something.
  143. Swoon: To faint.
  144. Falling sickness: A historical term for epilepsy, a neurological disorder that causes seizures and loss of consciousness.
  145. Tag-rag: A term used to describe the lowest class of people or the common mob, similar to rabble.
  146. Clap and hiss: The actions of an audience to show approval (clapping) or disapproval (hissing).
  147. Marry: A mild exclamation, originally an oath to the Virgin Mary. It means something like indeed or by God.
  148. Ope: An archaic or poetic form of open.
  149. Doublet: A close-fitting jacket, a type of men’s clothing worn from the 14th to 17th centuries.
  150. An: An archaic word for if.
  151. Occupation: In this context, it means a trade, profession, or job, specifically someone who might take Caesar up on his offer.
  152. Worships: Used here as a respectful term for their honors, referring to the people.
  153. Infirmity: A physical or mental weakness or illness.
  154. Wenches: An informal or archaic term for women, often used to refer to female servants or common women.
  155. To what effect?: What was the meaning or purpose of what he said?
  156. An I tell you that: An archaic way of saying, If I were to tell you that.
  157. I’ll ne’er look you i’ th’ face again: I’ll never be able to look at you again. Casca is joking that he would be embarrassed to admit he didn’t understand what was said.
  158. It was Greek to me: A common idiom meaning something was completely incomprehensible.
  159. Murellus and Flavius: Two tribunes (Roman officials) who appear in the first scene of the play.
  160. Scarfs: Fabric decorations or ribbons.
  161. Put to silence: A euphemism meaning they were killed or exiled.
  162. Foolery: Silly, foolish behavior.
  163. Sup: To have supper, the evening meal.
  164. Promised forth: To be engaged or committed to a social event.
  165. Blunt: Straightforward and direct to the point, often to the extent of being rude.
  166. Mettle: A person’s ability to cope well with difficulties; spirit and resilience.
  167. Quick mettle: A lively and spirited nature.
  168. Execution: The carrying out of a plan, order, or course of action.
  169. Tardy: Moving or acting slowly.
  170. Fashion: A manner or way of doing something.
  171. Wit: The capacity for inventive thought and quick humor; intelligence.
  172. Stomach: The courage or inclination to do something.
  173. Appetite: A strong desire or liking for something.
  174. Mettle: A person’s character, spirit, and strength of an individual.
  175. Wrought: Shaped or formed, often in a complex or detailed way.
  176. Disposed: Inclined, or the way something is naturally set. In this context, it means Brutus’s natural inclination or character.
  177. Meet: Fit, suitable, or proper.
  178. Seduced: To be persuaded or lured into doing something, often something wrong.
  179. Bear me hard: To hold a grudge against me or to dislike me intensely.
  180. Humor me: To flatter or to give in to my desires.
  181. Several hands: A few different handwritings.
  182. Obscurely: In a way that is not clear or direct; subtly.
  183. Glancèd at: Hinted at, mentioned briefly or indirectly.
  184. Seat him sure: To establish himself firmly in power.
  185. Shake him: To challenge his power or to overthrow him.
  186. Endure: To suffer through something difficult or painful.

 
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 Julius Caesar Act 1, Scene 3 

  1. Sway of earth: Refers to the way the world or the ground is being shaken.
  2. Thing unfirm: Something that is not solid or stable.
  3. Rived: A past tense of rive, meaning to split or tear apart.
  4. Ambitious: aspiring or striving, describing the ocean as if it were trying to rise up and reach the clouds.
  5. Exalted: Lifted up or elevated.
  6. Saucy: Impudent, disrespectful, or cheeky.
  7. Incenses: To make someone very angry.
  8. Sensible: able to feel, sensitive to.
  9. Glaz’d: A shortened form of glazed, which means to stare blankly or with a fixed expression.
  10. Surly: bad-tempered or unfriendly.
  11. Transformed: disfigured or changed in a monstrous way.
  12. Prodigies: An omen or sign of a future event, often a bad one.
  13. Conjointly: Together or in a combined way.
  14. Portentous: a sign or warning that something important or dramatic is likely to happen.
  15. Strange-disposèd: Strange and unusual, of an odd nature.
  16. Construed: Interpreted or understood.
  17. Fashion: A particular way of doing something.
  18. Clean from the purpose: Completely separate from the actual meaning or intent.
  19. Disturbèd: Disordered or unsettled.
  20. Menace: To threaten or pose a danger.
  21. Perilous: Full of danger or risk.
  22. Unbracèd: In this context, it means with his clothes loosened or undone, showing a readiness to face danger without protection.
  23. Bared my bosom: Exposed his chest. In this context, it’s a defiant act, showing that he is not afraid.
  24. Thunder-stone: A thunderbolt or a stone believed to have been cast down by lightning.
  25. Present myself: To put oneself in a certain position. In this case, Cassius is positioning himself to be struck by lightning.
  26. In the aim and very flash of it: Directly in the path and at the very moment of the lightning strike.
  27. Gliding ghosts: Ghosts that are moving smoothly and quietly.
  28. From quality and kind: Acting unnaturally or against their true nature.
  29. Old men fool and children calculate: This line refers to a reversal of the natural order. Older, wise men are acting foolishly, while children are acting with unnatural wisdom or plotting.
  30. Ordinance: A rule or law. In this case, it means the natural, established order of things.
  31. Preformèd faculties: Innate or natural abilities and characteristics.
  32. Monstrous quality: A monstrous or unnatural nature.
  33. Monstrous state: A terrible or abnormal political situation.
  34. Prodigious grown: Grown to be enormous, unnatural, and fearsome.
  35. Eruptions: Sudden, violent outbreaks or disturbances.
  36. Thews: A person’s muscles, tendons, or physical strength.
  37. Woe the while: An expression of sadness or grief for the present time.
  38. Yoke: A symbol of subjugation or oppression, referring to a wooden frame used to harness oxen.
  39. Sufferance: The state of enduring something painful or unpleasant; patient endurance.
  40. Bondage: The state of being a slave or under control.
  41. Retentive: Having the ability to hold or contain something.
  42. Bondman: A male slave or serf.
  43. Hinds: Female deer, often used to describe someone passive or cowardly.
  44. Offal: The entrails or organs of a slaughtered animal, often used to refer to rubbish or something worthless.
  45. Fleering: Sneering or mocking.
  46. Telltale: A person who reveals secrets or gives away information.
  47. Factious: Divided, or a person who takes part in a group’s action against the government. Here, it means to be actively involved in a faction or conspiracy.
  48. Redress: Remedy or compensation for a wrong or a grievance.
  49. Complexion: The appearance or character of something.
  50. Pompey’s porch: A part of the Roman theater complex built by the Roman general Pompey. It was a well-known public meeting place.
  51. Stand close awhile: To hide or stay out of sight for a moment.
  52. Haste: To hurry or move quickly.
  53. Incorporate: To be included or made part of something; here it means to have joined their group.
  54. Stayed for: To be waited for or expected.
  55. Praetor’s chair: The official chair of a praetor, a high-ranking Roman magistrate. Brutus held this office.
  56. Bestow: To place or put something in a certain spot.
  57. Hie: To go quickly or to hurry.
  58. Alchemy: The ancient practice of trying to turn common metals (like lead) into gold. In this context, it is used as a metaphor for transforming something bad into something good.
  59. Countenance: A person’s face or facial expression. Casca uses it to refer to Brutus’s respected reputation and public image.
  60. Conceited: Understood or thought of. Cassius is telling Casca that he has correctly understood Brutus’s importance to their plan.
  61. Ere: Before.

 
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Julius Caesar Act 2, Scene 1

 

  1. Taper: a slender candle.
  2. Progress of the stars: the movement of constellations across the night sky, which was used to tell time.
  3. Give guess: to make an estimate or a judgment.
  4. Spurn at: to reject with contempt or disdain.
  5. The general: refers to the general welfare or good of the public.
  6. Adder: a type of venomous snake.
  7. Craves: demands or requires.
  8. Wary: cautious or watchful.
  9. Disjoins: separates or detaches.
  10. Remorse: a deep and painful sense of regret.
  11. Affections: refers to emotions or passions.
  12. Lowliness: humility or humbleness.
  13. Upmost round: the highest step of a ladder.
  14. Base degrees: humble steps or origins.
  15. Lest: for fear that; to prevent the possibility that.
  16. Quarrel: an argument or dispute.
  17. Bear no colour: to lack a plausible or justifiable excuse.
  18. Augmented: increased or made greater.
  19. Extremities: extreme or dangerous conditions.
  20. Mischievous: causing harm or trouble.
  21. Taper: A slender candle.
  22. Closet: In this context, it means a small, private room or study.
  23. Flint: A piece of hard stone used to create sparks to light a fire or candle.
  24. Sealed up: Closed and fastened with a seal, like wax, to keep it private.
  25. Ides of March: The 15th day of March, a date famously associated with the assassination of Julius Caesar.
  26. Exhalations: meteors or shooting stars, which were believed to be a form of vapor or ‘exhalation’ from the Earth.
  27. Whizzing: A sound of something moving very fast through the air.
  28. Thou sleep’st: Archaic form of ‘you are sleeping.’
  29. Thou… thyself: Archaic forms of ‘you’ and ‘yourself.’
  30. Instigations: This means urges, prompts, or encouragements to do something, especially something bad.
  31. Piece it out: To figure out or complete something that is missing or fragmented.
  32. Awe: fear or reverential dread, suggesting that Rome would be subjected to a dictator.
  33. Tarquin: A reference to the last king of Rome, Tarquin the Proud, who was overthrown by Brutus’s ancestors, establishing the Roman Republic.
  34. Redress: This means to correct a wrong or an injustice.
  35. Entreated: To be asked or requested earnestly.
  36. Petition: A formal request, often to a government or a ruler.
  37. Whet: To sharpen or incite. In this context, it means to provoke or stir up Brutus’s feelings against Caesar.
  38. A dreadful thing: The planned act of assassinating Julius Caesar.
  39. The first motion: The initial idea or thought of the action.
  40. Interim: The time in between; the period separating two events.
  41. Phantasma: A hallucination or a figment of the imagination; a nightmarish vision.
  42. The genius: a person’s inner spirit, soul, or rational mind.
  43. Mortal instruments: Refers to the physical body and its parts, which are used to carry out actions.
  44. In council: Engaged in a serious meeting or discussion.
  45. Insurrection: A violent uprising or rebellion against an authority or government. Brutus uses this to describe the violent conflict within himself.
  46. Faction: A small, organized, dissenting group within a larger one, especially in politics. In this context, it refers to the conspirators.
  47. Plucked about their ears: Pulled down low over their ears, meaning the hats are used to conceal their faces.
  48. By any mark of favor: By any distinguishing feature or physical characteristic that would allow for recognition.
  49. Dangerous brow: Refers to the sinister and threatening appearance of the conspiracy.
  50. Monstrous visage: The ugly, grotesque, and terrifying face of the conspiracy.
  51. Affability: The quality of being good-natured, friendly, and easy to talk to.
  52. Path, thy native semblance on: A more archaic way of saying, ‘if you walk with your true appearance.’
  53. Erebus: In Greek mythology, a primordial deity representing the personification of darkness. It is often referred to as a dark area of the underworld through which the dead must pass.
  54. Prevention: The act of stopping something from happening or arising. 
  55. Bold upon your rest: presumptuous or intrusive; coming uninvited at an inappropriate time and disturbing Brutus’s rest.
  56. Good morrow: An old-fashioned greeting, meaning good morning.
  57. Hither: An archaic adverb meaning to this place.
  58. Watchful cares: This refers to the anxious thoughts and worries that keep a person awake.
  59. Interpose: To place or come between.
  60. Betwixt: An archaic word for between.
  61. Entreat: To ask someone earnestly or anxiously to do something; to beg.
  62. Fret: To be patterned or decorated with a design. In this context, it means the clouds are patterned with gray lines.
  63. Weighing: To consider or take into account.
  64. Youthful: The early part of a period of development or existence. Here, it refers to the early part of the year, as spring begins.
  65. Resolution: A firm decision to do or not to do something.
  66. Capitol: The temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill in Rome, where the Senate met.
  67. Pardon: An excuse or forgiveness for a fault.
  68. Sufferance: The state of enduring pain or hardship.
  69. Betimes: Immediately or quickly.
  70. High-sighted: Arrogant or haughty.
  71. Lottery: By chance.
  72. Kindle: To light or set on fire; to stir up.
  73. Prick: To incite or spur to action.
  74. Redress: To set right a wrong; to remedy a situation.
  75. Palter: To go back on one’s word; to speak or act insincerely.
  76. Cautelous: Cautious or wary.
  77. Carrions: The decaying flesh of dead animals; used here to describe weak, worn-out bodies.
  78. Insuppressive: Incapable of being suppressed or held back.
  79. Mettle: A person’s character, courage, or spirit.
  80. Bastardy: Illegitimacy; here, a term used to signify a betrayal of one’s noble Roman heritage.
  81. Sound him: To discreetly test someone’s feelings or opinions, to see if they are sympathetic to a cause.
  82. Silver hairs: A symbol of old age, wisdom, and respectability.
  83. Purchase us a good opinion: To acquire a good reputation for them.
  84. Commend our deeds: To praise their actions.
  85. No whit appear: Will not appear at all.
  86. His gravity: His seriousness, wisdom, and dignified demeanor.
  87. Break with him: To break their secret to him, or to reveal their plans to him.
  88. Touched: it means to be harmed or killed.
  89. Meet: suitable or proper
  90. Outlive: to live longer than someone else
  91. Shrewd: having or showing sharp powers of judgment
  92. Contriver: a person who creates or schemes
  93. Annoy: to bother or trouble
  94. Fall together: to be killed at the same time
  95. Wrathfully: Filled with great anger.
  96. Hew: To chop or cut with an axe or other cutting tool. Here, it means to butcher brutally.
  97. Carcass: The dead body of an animal.
  98. Purger: Someone who cleanses or purifies something. Brutus uses this word to imply that their act is a purification of Rome, not a murder.
  99. Envious: Feeling or showing envy; wanting what someone else has. Brutus wants their motive to appear as a political necessity, not out of jealousy or personal grudge.
  100. Engrafted: Deeply rooted; firmly established.
  101. Take thought and die: A phrase meaning to become melancholy and kill oneself.
  102. Wildness: Wild or uninhibited behavior.
  103. Hath stricken: Has struck.
  104. ‘Tis time to part: It’s time to leave.
  105. Superstitious: having or showing a belief in superstitions.
  106. Main opinion: firm or strong belief.
  107. Fantasy: the faculty or activity of imagining impossible or improbable things.
  108. Ceremonies: formal religious or public occasions, typically involving a set of traditional actions.
  109. Apparent: clearly visible or understood.
  110. Prodigies: an omen or sign of a future event.
  111. Unaccustomed: not common or usual.
  112. Augurers: a Roman religious official who observed natural signs, especially the behavior of birds, to interpret omens and guide public policy.
  113. O’ersway: to bring to a different opinion; persuade.
  114. Betrayed with trees: The myth that a unicorn, when pursued, would lower its horn and stick it into a tree to defend itself, allowing it to be captured.
  115. Bears with glasses: The belief that hunters could capture bears by placing mirrors ‘glasses’ in front of them, mesmerizing them long enough to be ensnared.
  116. Elephants with holes: A method of capturing elephants by digging pits and covering them, causing the animal to fall in.
  117. Lions with toils: A toil is a net or trap. The meaning is that lions can be captured using nets.
  118. Humor: mood or temperament.
  119. True bent: a strong natural tendency or inclination.
  120. Bear Caesar hard: to have a grudge or resentment against Caesar.
  121. Rated him: to scold or reprimand him.
  122. Go along by him: to go to him or to go with him.
  123. Fashion him: to shape or influence him to their purpose.
  124. Put on our purposes: to show or reveal our intentions.
  125. Bear it: to carry or hold themselves.
  126. Untired spirits: with fresh and unwearied energy.
  127. Formal constancy: a steady and constant composure or resolve.
  128. Honey-heavy dew of slumber: A poetic phrase meaning a deep and peaceful sleep.
  129. Thou hast no figures nor no fantasies: You have no troublesome thoughts or imaginings.
  130. Ungently: Unkindly or rudely.
  131. Musing and sighing: Thinking deeply and sighing with sadness.
  132. Ungentle looks: Unkind or unfriendly expressions.
  133. Wafture: A waving motion or gesture with the hand.
  134. Enkindled: Ignited or set on fire; in this case, intensified.
  135. Humor: In Elizabethan and Renaissance thought, a temporary mood or state of mind caused by an imbalance of bodily fluids.
  136. Condition: his state of mind or disposition.
  137. Unbracèd: it means with his clothes unfastened or unbraced, not properly secured.
  138. Humors: the damp, cold vapors or fluids in the air, believed in ancient medicine to affect one’s health.
  139. Dank: Unpleasantly damp and cold.
  140. Vile: it means wretched or sickly; having a foul or contagious nature.
  141. Contagion: A sickness or disease that is spread from one person to another.
  142. Rheumy: Watery or damp, in this case, referring to the air.
  143. Unpurgèd: Unpurified or not cleaned of impurities.
  144. Offense: a troubled state or malady, not a crime.
  145. Charm: To entreat or plead with, in a powerful way, as if casting a spell.
  146. Incorporate: To combine or unite, making two things into one body.
  147. Heavy: Sad, troubled, or melancholy.
  148. Resort to: To go to for help or company.
  149. Gentle: kind, noble, or considerate.
  150. Excepted: Understood to be excluded or left out.
  151. Appertain to: Relate to or belong to.
  152. In sort or limitation: In a limited capacity or only to a certain extent.
  153. Suburbs: it is used metaphorically to mean the outer edge or a secondary, less important part of something.
  154. Harlot: A mistress or prostitute.
  155. Ruddy: Having a reddish color, referring to blood.
  156. Withal: In addition to, at the same time.
  157. Reputed: Well-regarded, of good reputation.
  158. Fathered: To have a specific person as one’s father.
  159. Husbanded: To have a specific person as one’s husband.
  160. Counsels: Secrets or private plans.
  161. Constancy: The quality of being faithful and dependable.
  162. Voluntary: Done by choice, not forced.
  163. Render: To make or cause to be.
  164. Hark: Listen.
  165. By and by: Soon, in a little while.
  166. Bosom shall partake: A person’s inner self or heart will share in something.
  167. Engagements: his plans or his commitments.
  168. Construe: To interpret or explain.
  169. Charactery: The meaning or expression visible on a person’s face.
  170. Haste: Great speed.
  171. Vouchsafe: To grant or give something to someone in a condescending or gracious manner.
  172. Feeble: Lacking physical strength, weak.
  173. Kerchief: A piece of fabric worn on the head, often to signify sickness.
  174. Exploit: A brave or notable deed or undertaking.
  175. Healthful: healthy or able.
  176. Kerchief: A square piece of cloth used to cover the head.
  177. Derived from honorable loins: A phrase meaning ‘from a noble lineage or family’.
  178. Exorcist: A person who expels evil spirits.
  179. Conjured up: Brought forth by magic; summoned.
  180. Mortifièd spirit: A spirit that is dead or without life.
  181. Set on your foot: A command to begin walking or to take the first step.
  182. New-fired: Filled with new courage or passion; reignited.
  183. Sufficeth: An archaic form of ‘suffices’, meaning ‘is enough’.

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Julius Caesar Act 2, Scene 2

  1. Hath: An old form of the word ‘has’
  2. Forth: Forward; out
  3. Ne’er: A short form of the word ‘never’
  4. Vanishèd: An old form of the word ‘vanished’ or disappeared
  5. Stood on ceremonies: to pay attention to or care about rituals and omens.
  6. Recounts: to tell or describe something that happened.
  7. Horrid sights: very frightening or horrible things seen.
  8. Whelpèd: to have given birth to a cub (in this case, by a lioness).
  9. Yawned: to open very wide, like a yawn.
  10. Yielded up: to give back or release.
  11. Fierce fiery warriors: powerful and aggressive soldiers who looked like they were on fire.
  12. In ranks and squadrons and right form of war: in organized lines and groups, like an official army formation.
  13. Drizzled: to rain in a very fine, light way.
  14. Hurtled: move with great speed and noise, or to make a roaring sound.
  15. Neigh: high-pitched sound a horse makes.
  16. Shriek and squeal: to make a loud, sharp cry.
  17. Beyond all use: something that is not normal or customary.
  18. Purposed: Decided or planned.
  19. Blaze forth: To shine brightly, like a fire.
  20. Valiant: Brave or courageous.
  21. Taste of death: To experience death.
  22. Wonders: Surprising or strange events.
  23. Necessary end: An unavoidable or certain conclusion.
  24. Augurers: These were priests in ancient Rome who predicted the future by studying the behavior of birds and the entrails of sacrificed animals.
  25. Stir forth: This is an old-fashioned way of saying ‘to go out’ or ‘to leave’
  26. Entrails: The internal organs of an animal.
  27. Offering: An animal that has been sacrificed to the gods.
  28. Littered: Born; used to describe the birth of animal offspring.
  29. Consumed: it means to be overwhelmed or taken over by something. Calpurnia is saying that Caesar’s overconfidence has completely taken over his good judgment.
  30. Humor: to give in to someone’s wishes or moods.
  31. Fetch: to go and get someone to bring them back.
  32. In very happy time: This phrase means ‘at a very good or fortunate moment’.
  33. To bear my greeting: This means ‘to carry my message’ or ‘to deliver my regards’.
  34. False: not true or a lie
  35. Falser: This is a more intense way of saying ‘more false’ or ‘even more of a lie’.
  36. In conquest stretched mine arm so far: This refers to Caesar’s military victories and his powerful reach across the known world. It’s a way of saying he has been so successful and powerful.
  37. Graybeards: A slang term for ‘old men’.  Here, it refers to the senators.
  38. Lest: This means ‘in case’ or ‘so that… not’.
  39. Lusty: strong and full of life.
  40. Apply: To interpret or consider a dream to be a certain thing.
  41. Portents: Signs or warnings of a future event, especially a bad one.
  42. Imminent: About to happen very soon.
  43. Hath: An old form of the word ‘has’.
  44. Spouts: Streams or jets of liquid.
  45. Amiss: In a wrong or imperfect way.
  46. Fortunate: Lucky or favored by good luck.
  47. Signifies: Means or represents something.
  48. Tinctures: A small amount of a quality or substance; in this context, it refers to a mark of honor or distinction.
  49. Relics: Valued objects from the past; here, it suggests things that represent a person’s importance or historical significance.
  50. Cognizance: Knowledge or awareness; here, it means recognition or a symbol of being known and respected.
  51. Expounded: Explained or interpreted in detail.
  52. Concluded: Decided or agreed upon.
  53. Mock: A joke, insult, or an act of ridicule.
  54. Apt to be rendered: Likely to be said or done.
  55. Liable: it means that his reason or good judgment is subject to his love, or is overruled by it.
  56. Yield to: To give in or surrender to.
  57. Proceeding: it refers to Caesar’s actions and advancement in power.
  58. Lo: A word used to draw attention to something, similar to “look” or “behold.”
  59. Ague: A fever accompanied by chills or shivering. Here, Caesar is referring to a sickness that made Caius Ligarius look thin.
  60. Pains: to their effort or trouble.
  61. Courtesy: politeness or good manners.
  62. Stirred: it means ‘out of bed’ or “up so early’.
  63. lean: offering little reward, substance, or nourishment; meagre or thin.
  64. Revels: to enjoy oneself in a lively and noisy way, especially with drinking and dancing.
  65. Notwithstanding:  in spite of or nevertheless.
  66. At blame: to be at fault or to be responsible for something.
  67. In store for you: an idiom that means something is saved up or waiting for you. Caesar is saying he has a long talk planned for Trebonius.
  68. Aside: In a play, this is a remark or a short passage that a character speaks directly to the audience, and the other characters on stage are not supposed to hear it. It reveals the character’s private thoughts.
  69. Straightway: immediately or without delay.
  70. That every ‘like’ is not the same: Here, ‘like’ is used as a noun, referring to the act of being similar or appearing as something. Brutus’s thought means that just because they are acting like friends and are similar in their social standing, they do not all have the same, genuine feelings of friendship.
  71. Yearns: To yearn for something means to have a strong and deep longing or desire for it. 

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Julius Caesar Act 2, Scene 3

  1. Take heed of: Pay close attention to; be careful of.
  2. Have an eye to: Watch out for; be vigilant about.
  3. Mark well: Pay close attention to; observe carefully.
  4. Thou hast wronged: You have done an injustice to; you have mistreated.
  5. Bent against: Determined to act in a hostile way toward.
  6. Beest not immortal: Are not immortal.
  7. Look about you: Be vigilant; look at your surroundings for danger.
  8. Security gives way to conspiracy: Overconfidence and a feeling of being safe make one vulnerable to a secret plot.
  9. Laments: Expresses sorrow or regret.
  10. Virtue cannot live: A good or moral person cannot survive.
  11. Out of the teeth of emulation: Away from the biting, destructive envy of rivals.
  12. The Fates with traitors do contrive: Destiny or fate is secretly working with the traitors to bring about a certain outcome.

 
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Julius Caesar Act 2, Scene 4

  1. Prithee: A shortened form of ‘I pray thee’, meaning ‘please’.
  2. Senate House: The Capitol, a public building in ancient Rome where the Senate met.
  3. Ere: Before.
  4. Constancy: The quality of being faithful and dependable; in this context, it means courage or mental fortitude.
  5. Might: Power or strength.
  6. Counsel: A secret.
  7. Thy Lord: Your husband (Brutus).
  8. Sickly forth: Left home looking ill.
  9. Good note: Pay close attention.
  10. Doth: Does.
  11. Suitors: People who are asking for a favor.
  12. Hark: Listen.
  13. Prithee: Please.
  14. Bustling rumor like a fray: A busy noise that sounds like a fight.
  15. Sooth: Truly or indeed.
  16. Prithee: A short form of ‘I pray thee’, meaning ‘please’.
  17. Hath: An old form of the verb ‘has’.
  18. Suit: A petition, request, or formal appeal to a person of high authority.
  19. Befriend himself: To be a friend to oneself, meaning to take care of oneself and act in one’s own best interest.
  20. Know’st: An old form of the verb ‘knowest’, meaning ‘do you know’.
  21. Intended towards him: Planned or aimed at him.
  22. Soothsayer: A person who can see the future or tell what will happen.
  23. None that I know will be: He doesn’t have any specific knowledge of a planned attack.
  24. Much that I fear may chance: He has a strong feeling that something bad is going to happen.
  25. Good morrow to you: A formal way of saying ‘good morning’.
  26. Throng: A large, packed crowd of people.
  27. At the heels: Following very closely behind someone.
  28. Praetors: Roman government officials, judges.
  29. Feeble: Weak and frail.
  30. Void: Empty or clear.
  31. Ay me: An expression of distress or sorrow.
  32. Enterprise: In this context, it refers to the dangerous and difficult plan or undertaking, which is the assassination of Caesar.
  33. Hath: An old form of ‘has’.
  34. Suit: A formal request or petition.
  35. Commend me to my lord: Give my greetings or regards to my husband, Brutus.
  36. Merry: Cheerful or happy.

 
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