PSEB Class 10 English Chapter 7 The Making of the Earth Important Question Answers from English Main Course Book
PSEB Class 10 English The Making of the Earth Question Answers – Looking for questions and answers for PSEB Class 10 English Main Course Book Chapter 7 The Making of the Earth? Look no further! Our comprehensive compilation of important questions will help you brush up on your subject knowledge. Practising Class 10 English question answers can significantly improve your performance in the exam. Improve your chances of scoring high marks by exploring Chapter 7 The Making of the Earth now. The questions listed below are based on the latest PSEB exam pattern. All the Questions Answers given at the back of the lesson have also been covered.
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PSEB Class 10 English Chapter 7 The Making of the Earth Textbook Questions
1. Comprehension Questions
1. What are planets?
Ans. Planets are celestial bodies that revolve around the sun. They are part of the solar system and do not produce their own light but reflect the light of the sun. Examples include Earth, Mars, Venus, Jupiter, Mercury, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Unlike stars, planets do not twinkle when observed from Earth.
2. Define solar system.
Ans. The solar system is a happy family consisting of the sun and all the celestial bodies that revolve around it, including planets and their satellites. The sun is at the center, acting like the father of this family, and all planets orbit around it due to gravitational force. The word “solar” means belonging to the sun.
3. How can you distinguish between planets and stars?
Ans. Planets and stars can be distinguished by observing whether they twinkle or not. Stars twinkle because they are burning hot bodies that produce their own light through burning. Planets do not twinkle because they merely reflect the sunlight that falls on them. Additionally, planets appear larger in the sky because they are much closer to Earth than stars.
4. Why do the stars twinkle?
Ans. Stars twinkle because they are very hot and burning bodies that produce their own light. They shine of themselves due to the intense heat and burning process within them. Our sun is also a star, but it appears as a great ball of fire because it is much nearer to us than other stars. The twinkling effect is also enhanced by the Earth’s atmosphere.
5. How was earth formed?
Ans. According to astronomers, the earth was originally part of the sun, which was a mass of flaming matter. Long ago, small bits of the sun broke loose and shot out into the air. However, due to gravitational force (which Nehru compares to a rope), these bits could not completely escape and kept whirling around the sun. In this way, our earth shot out from the sun. Initially, it was extremely hot with terrible hot gases around it, but being smaller than the sun, it started to cool gradually.
6. How were oceans and seas formed?
Ans. When the earth cooled, all the water vapor present in the air condensed into water and came down as rain. It must have rained tremendously during that period. All this water filled the great hollows and depressions in the earth’s surface, and thus the great oceans and seas were formed. This happened only after the earth’s surface had cooled sufficiently.
(ii) Answer in 50-60 words:
1. Write a short note on the making of the earth.
Ans. The earth was originally part of the sun, a mass of flaming matter. Long ago, a bit of the sun broke loose and shot out into space but remained bound to the sun by gravitational force, orbiting around it. Initially extremely hot with burning gases, the earth gradually cooled over millions of years. As it cooled, water vapor condensed and fell as tremendous rainfall, filling the earth’s hollows and forming the oceans and seas. Eventually, conditions became suitable for life to exist.
2. Write a short note on the happy family of the sun.
Ans. The solar system is described as a happy family with the sun as the father. Several planets, including Earth, revolve around the sun due to gravitational force. Each planet has its own satellites that orbit around them, like the moon orbiting Earth. All these celestial bodies, the sun, planets, and their satellites, together form the solar system. This family stays together because of the attractive force of the sun, which acts like a rope keeping all members connected and moving in harmony around the central sun.
B. Vocabulary Exercises
(i) Look at the following sentences :
The moon is called the satellite of the earth because it hangs on to it.
In this way our earth also shot out from the sun.
The italicized verbs followed by prepositions are called phrasal verbs.
Now fill in the blanks with the given prepositions making appropriate phrasal verbs :
| into | off | out | on | down |
a. He lived ……. milk for two months.
b. Please turn ……. the lights before you sleep.
c. The thieves broke …… of the prison.
d. The thieves tried to break ……. the house to steal.
e. She fell ……. and broke her leg.
Ans.
a. He lived on milk for two months.
b. Please turn off the lights before you sleep.
c. The thieves broke out of the prison.
d. The thieves tried to break into the house to steal.
e. She fell down and broke her leg.
(ii) Fill in the blanks selecting suitable words from the given list :
| fraction | centre | beginning |
| extends | comprehension | calculation |
| including | advancement | entire |
| exists |
Everything …….. in space. But what exactly is space is something beyond human imagination and ……… . It is also beyond mathematical …….. . We do not know for sure how far space ……… . It does not have a ………. And it does not have an end. It was earlier believed that the earth was the ……… of the universe and that all heavenly bodies, ……… the sun, revolved around it. With the ……… of science and technology, it was known that the sun was the centre of the solar system and that the …….. solar system occupies just a tiny ……. of space in the entire universe.
Ans.
Everything exists in space. But what exactly is space is something beyond human imagination and comprehension. It is also beyond mathematical calculation. We do not know for sure how far space extends. It does not have a beginning. And it does not have an end. It was earlier believed that the earth was the centre of the universe and that all heavenly bodies, including the sun, revolved around it. With the advancement of science and technology, it was known that the sun was the centre of the solar system and that the entire solar system occupies just a tiny fraction of space in the entire universe.
C. Grammar Exercises
(i) Fill in the blanks using the correct infinitive or participle:
1. Do you regret …….. your exams ? (to fail/failing/to failing)
2. Would you like …… to the theatre with me ? (to go/going/to going)
3. Would you mind …… to the theatre with me ?(to go/going/to going)
4. The soldiers get used ……. in the jungle.(to live/ to living / living)
5. He used …… in the jungle.(to live / to living / living)
6. Do you mind …….. until I have finished my work ?(to wait / waiting / to waiting)
7. Do you want …… the new shopping mall ?(to visit / visiting / to visiting)
Ans.
1. Failing
2. to go
3. Going
4. to living
5. to live
6. Waiting
7. to visit
(ii) Fill in the blanks with suitable articles :
So––earth started to cool. It took––long time over it. Gradually––surface of––earth become cooler although–– interior remained very hot. Even now if you go down––coal mine it becomes hotter and hotter as you go down. Probably if you could go down deep enough inside––earth you would find it red hot.
Ans.
So the earth started to cool. It took a long time over it. Gradually the surface of the earth become cooler although the interior remained very hot. Even now if you go down a coal mine it becomes hotter and hotter as you go down. Probably if you could go down deep enough inside the earth you would find it red hot.
D. Pronunciation Practice
The past morpheme – ed is pronounced in three ways
a. / d /
b. / I d /
c. / t /
Read the following words now with the correct sound at the final position.
| a. | bagged | b. | wanted | c. | pushed |
| played | headed | laughed | |||
| tried | heated | passed | |||
| clubbed | waded | hushed | |||
| breathed | waited | booked |
Ans.
The past morpheme –ed is pronounced in three ways:
| a. /d/ sound | b. /ɪd/ sound | c. /t/ sound |
| bagged | wanted | pushed |
| played | headed | laughed |
| tried | heated | passed |
| clubbed | waded | hushed |
| breathed | waited | booked |
Rules for Pronunciation:
- /d/ sound: When the base verb ends in a voiced sound (except /d/)
- /ɪd/ sound: When the base verb ends in /t/ or /d/ sounds
- /t/ sound: When the base verb ends in a voiceless sound (except /t/)
E. Creative Writing and Extended Reading
3. Name all the planets of the Solar System.
Ans. The Solar System consists of eight planets that revolve around the sun. In order of their distance from the sun, they are:
- Mercury: The smallest planet and closest to the sun
- Venus: The hottest planet, often called Earth’s twin
- Earth: Our home planet, the only one known to support life
- Mars: The red planet, known for its reddish appearance
- Jupiter: The largest planet in the solar system, a gas giant
- Saturn: Known for its beautiful rings
- Uranus: An ice giant that rotates on its side
- Neptune: The farthest planet from the sun, another ice giant
(Note: Pluto was reclassified as a “dwarf planet” in 2006 and is no longer considered one of the main planets of the Solar System.)
4. Write a paragraph on: An Imaginary Trip to the Moon.
Ans.
An Imaginary Trip to the Moon
Our spacecraft lifted off with roaring engines, leaving Earth behind as a beautiful blue marble. The three-day journey featured weightless floating and countless stars. Landing on the moon’s grey, crater-filled surface felt surreal. I bounced lightly in weak gravity across desolate plains and sharp-shadowed mountains in absolute silence. Looking back at Earth, a fragile sphere in black void, was deeply emotional, revealing how precious our planet is. The lifeless, cold moon contrasted sharply with our living Earth. Returning home with lunar rocks, I carried profound appreciation for our unique home.
Punjab Board Class 10 English Chapter 7 The Making of the Earth Extra Question and Answers
Extract-Based questions
A.
“You know that the earth goes round the sun and the moon goes round the earth. You know also perhaps that there are several other bodies which like the earth go round the sun. All these, including our earth, are called planets of the sun. The moon is called a satellite of the earth because it hangs on to it.”
Q1. What revolves around the sun according to this extract?
Ans. According to this extract, the earth and several other bodies called planets revolve around the sun. All these celestial bodies, including our earth, are part of the solar system and orbit the sun due to gravitational force.
Q2. Why is the moon called a satellite of the earth?
Ans. The moon is called a satellite of the earth because it hangs on to the earth and revolves around it. A satellite is a celestial body that orbits around a planet, and the moon maintains this orbital relationship with Earth.
Q3. What are planets according to Nehru?
Ans. According to Nehru, planets are celestial bodies that, like the earth, go round the sun. They are part of the solar system and include Earth along with several other bodies that orbit the sun.
Q4. What does “hangs on to it” mean in the context of the moon and earth?
Ans. “Hangs on to it” means that the moon is attached or bound to the earth through gravitational force and stays in orbit around it. The phrase suggests a close connection where the moon doesn’t fly away but remains associated with the earth.
Q5. What basic astronomical facts does Nehru assume the reader already knows?
Ans. Nehru assumes the reader already knows that the earth revolves around the sun and that the moon revolves around the earth. He builds upon this basic knowledge to explain more complex concepts about the solar system, planets, and satellites.
B.
“At night you see thousands of stars in the sky. Only a few of these are the planets and these are really not called stars at all. Can you distinguish between a planet and a star? The planets are really quite tiny, like our earth, compared to the stars but they look bigger in the sky because they are much nearer to us.”
Q1. How many stars can be seen in the sky at night?
Ans. Thousands of stars can be seen in the sky at night. However, Nehru clarifies that only a few of these visible points of light are actually planets, which are not truly stars despite appearing among them.
Q2. Why do planets look bigger than stars in the sky?
Ans. Planets look bigger than stars in the sky because they are much nearer to us compared to stars. Although planets are actually quite tiny compared to stars, their proximity to Earth makes them appear larger in our observation.
Q3. What question does Nehru ask the reader?
Ans. Nehru asks the reader, “Can you distinguish between a planet and a star?” This rhetorical question engages the reader and prepares them to learn the key differences between these two types of celestial bodies.
Q4. Are planets called stars? Why or why not?
Ans. No, planets are not really called stars at all, even though they appear among stars in the night sky. They are fundamentally different celestial bodies, stars produce their own light through burning, while planets only reflect sunlight.
Q5. What comparison does Nehru make about the size of planets?
Ans. Nehru compares planets to our earth, stating that planets are “really quite tiny, like our earth, compared to the stars.” This comparison helps readers understand the relative size difference between planets and stars, though planets appear larger due to proximity.
C.
“Astronomers, those people who study the stars, tell us that long-long ago the earth and all the planets were part of the sun. The sun was then as it is now a mass of flaming matter, terribly hot. Somehow little bits of the sun got loose and they shot out into the air.”
Q1. Who are astronomers?
Ans. Astronomers are people who study the stars and other celestial bodies. They are scientists who observe and research the universe, including planets, moons, stars, and galaxies, to understand how they formed and how they function.
Q2. What do astronomers tell us about the earth’s origin?
Ans. Astronomers tell us that long ago, the earth and all the planets were part of the sun. The planets formed when little bits of the sun broke loose and shot out into space, eventually becoming separate celestial bodies.
Q3. What was the condition of the sun when earth broke away from it?
Ans. When the earth broke away from the sun, the sun was a mass of flaming matter and was terribly hot, just as it remains today. It was burning intensely, and its extreme heat meant that anything breaking away from it would also initially be extremely hot.
Q4. What happened to the little bits of the sun?
Ans. Little bits of the sun somehow got loose and shot out into the air. However, they could not completely escape the sun’s gravitational pull and continued to orbit around it, eventually cooling and forming the planets we know today.
Q5. How does Nehru describe the time when this happened?
Ans. Nehru describes this event as happening “long-long ago,” emphasizing the vast amount of time that has passed since the earth’s formation. The repetition of “long” stresses the immense time scale involved, millions of years in the past.
D.
“When the earth cooled all the water vapour in the air condensed into water and probably came down as rain. It must have rained a tremendous lot then. All this water filled the great hollows in the earth and so the great oceans and seas were formed.”
Q1. What happened to water vapor when the earth cooled?
Ans. When the earth cooled, all the water vapor present in the air condensed into liquid water. This condensation occurred because the lower temperatures caused the gaseous water to change its state from vapor to liquid.
Q2. How did the water come down to earth?
Ans. The water came down to earth as rain. After the water vapor condensed into liquid water, it fell from the atmosphere as rainfall, and according to Nehru, it must have rained tremendously during that period.
Q3. Where did all the rainwater collect?
Ans. All the rainwater collected in the great hollows and depressions on the earth’s surface. These low-lying areas filled up with water over time as the tremendous rainfall continued.
Q4. How were oceans and seas formed?
Ans. The great oceans and seas were formed when the tremendous amount of rainwater filled the great hollows in the earth’s surface. The water accumulated in these massive depressions, creating the large bodies of water that cover much of our planet.
Q5. What phrase does Nehru use to emphasize the amount of rainfall?
Ans. Nehru uses the phrase “It must have rained a tremendous lot then” to emphasize the enormous amount of rainfall. The word “tremendous” stresses the scale and intensity of this rainfall, which was necessary to fill the earth’s hollows and create the oceans.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Q1. What does the word “solar” mean?
A. Belonging to the moon
B. Belonging to the sun
C. Belonging to the earth
D. Belonging to the stars
Ans. B. Belonging to the sun
Q2. What is the moon called in relation to the earth?
A. Planet
B. Star
C. Satellite
D. Comet
Ans. C. Satellite
Q3. How can you distinguish between a planet and a star?
A. By their size
B. By their color
C. Stars twinkle, planets do not
D. Planets twinkle, stars do not
Ans. C. Stars twinkle, planets do not
Q4. Why do stars twinkle? A. Because they reflect sunlight
B. Because they are very hot and burning
C. Because they are very cold
D. Because of atmospheric pressure
Ans. B. Because they are very hot and burning
Q5. What does Nehru compare gravitational force to?
A. A chain
B. A rope
C. A magnet
D. A spring
Ans. B. A rope
Q6. Where was the earth originally located according to astronomers?
A. In the Milky Way
B. Part of the sun
C. Near Jupiter
D. In another galaxy
Ans. B. Part of the sun
Q7. What was the sun when the earth broke away from it?
A. A cold body
B. A mass of flaming matter
C. A solid rock
D. A liquid substance
Ans. B. A mass of flaming matter
Q8. Where do many people think the moon came from?
A. The Atlantic Ocean
B. The Indian Ocean
C. The Pacific Ocean
D. The Arctic Ocean
Ans. C. The Pacific Ocean
Q9. What happens to temperature as you go down a coal mine?
A. It becomes cooler
B. It remains the same
C. It becomes hotter
D. It fluctuates
Ans. C. It becomes hotter
Q10. What is the moon called because of its temperature?
A. The red moon
B. The hot moon
C. The cold moon
D. The warm moon
Ans. C. The cold moon
Q11. What formed when water vapor condensed on the cooling earth?
A. Rivers
B. Lakes
C. Oceans and seas
D. Glaciers
Ans. C. Oceans and seas
Q12. Who wrote “Letters from a Father to His Daughter”?
A. Mahatma Gandhi
B. Rabindranath Tagore
C. Jawaharlal Nehru
D. Subhash Chandra Bose
Ans. C. Jawaharlal Nehru
Q13. When were these letters written?
A. Summer of 1925
B. Summer of 1928
C. Summer of 1930
D. Summer of 1935
Ans. B. Summer of 1928
Q14. What does Nehru compare the earth to in terms of size in the universe?
A. A marble
B. A speck of dust
C. A grain of sand
D. A pebble
Ans. B. A speck of dust
Q15. Why do planets look bigger than stars in the sky?
A. Because they are actually bigger
B. Because they are nearer to us
C. Because they produce more light
D. Because they rotate faster
Ans. B. Because they are nearer to us
Q16. What kind of family does Nehru call the solar system?
A. A sad family
B. A broken family
C. A happy family
D. A struggling family
Ans. C. A happy family
Q17. What is described as the father of all planets?
A. The Earth
B. The Moon
C. Jupiter
D. The Sun
Ans. D. The Sun
Q18. What do planets do around the sun?
A. They stand still
B. They whirl or revolve
C. They move away
D. They disappear
Ans. B. They whirl or revolve
Q19. Why could nothing live on earth when it was first formed?
A. There was no air
B. It was too cold
C. It was extremely hot
D. There was no water
Ans. C. It was extremely hot
Q20. When did living things become possible on earth?
A. When earth was formed
B. When earth and oceans became cooler
C. When the moon was formed
D. When the sun became hotter
Ans. B. When earth and oceans became cooler
True or False
Identify whether the following statements are true or false-
1. The moon is called a satellite of the earth because it revolves around the earth.
2. The solar system is called a sad family.
3. Stars twinkle but planets do not twinkle.
4. Planets shine because they produce their own light.
5. Our sun is actually a star.
6. The earth was originally part of the sun.
7. Gravitational force is compared to a rope by Nehru.
8. The moon came from the Atlantic Ocean according to the text.
9. Temperature increases as you go down a coal mine.
10. Water vapor condensed into water when the earth cooled.
Answers:
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. False
9. True
10. True
Fill in the Blanks-
1. The moon is called a ________ of the earth.
2. The sun and planets with their satellites form a ________ family.
3. Stars ________ but planets do not.
4. The sun is ________ of miles away from earth.
5. The earth is compared to a ________ of dust hanging in the air.
6. Scientists who study stars are called ________.
7. The sun is a mass of ________ matter.
8. The force that attracts things is called ________ force.
9. The moon is also called the “________” moon.
10. When water vapor condensed, it came down as ________.
Answers:
1. satellite
2. happy
3. twinkle
4. millions
5. speck
6. astronomers
7. flaming
8. gravitational
9. cold
10. Rain
Extra Questions
Answer the Following Questions
Q1. What does Nehru mean by calling the solar system a “happy family”?
Ans. Nehru uses the metaphor of a happy family to describe the solar system. The sun acts as the father, and the planets are like children revolving around it. The satellites hang on to their planets like younger siblings. This imagery makes the complex astronomical concept relatable and suggests harmony and order in the universe.
Q2. Why does the sun appear bigger than other stars?
Ans. The sun appears bigger than other stars because it is much nearer to the Earth. In reality, the sun is also a star like the others we see at night. It looks like a great ball of fire due to its proximity. Distance affects how large celestial objects appear to observers on Earth.
Q3. How long did it take for the earth to cool?
Ans. The earth took a very long time to cool, though Nehru doesn’t specify the exact duration. He mentions it took millions of years for the gradual cooling process. The surface cooled first while the interior remained very hot. Even today, the earth’s core is still extremely hot, as evidenced by increasing temperatures in deep mines.
Q4. What was the condition of the earth when it first formed?
Ans. When the earth first formed by breaking away from the sun, it was extremely hot with terrible hot gases and air surrounding it. The conditions were so hostile that no form of life, no man, animal, plant, or tree, could exist. Everything would have been burnt up immediately in such intense heat.
Q5. Why is the moon described as “delightfully cool”?
Ans. The moon is described as delightfully cool because it has completely cooled down after millions of years. Being much smaller than Earth, it cooled more quickly. It is called the “cold moon” and is thought to be full of glaciers and ice fields, presenting a cool, pleasant appearance when viewed from Earth.
Q6. What role does size play in the cooling of celestial bodies?
Ans. Size plays a crucial role in how quickly celestial bodies cool. Smaller objects cool faster than larger ones because they have less mass to retain heat. The moon, being smaller than Earth, cooled more quickly. Similarly, Earth cooled faster than the sun because of its smaller size. The sun will take millions more years to cool down.
Q7. What is the relationship between the sun, earth, and moon?
Ans. The sun is a star at the center of the solar system. The earth is a planet that revolves around the sun and was originally part of it. The moon is a satellite that broke away from the earth and now revolves around it. All three are bound by gravitational force, maintaining their orbital relationships.
Q8. How does Nehru explain the concept of gravitational force to children?
Ans. Nehru explains gravitational force by comparing it to a rope tied between the sun and the planets. Just as a rope prevents objects from flying apart, gravitational force keeps planets bound to the sun and makes them whirl around it. He also explains it as the force that makes things fall by their weight, connecting it to everyday experience.
Q9. What is the significance of Earth’s cooling for the development of life?
Ans. Earth’s cooling was essential for life to develop. When Earth was hot, nothing could survive, all living things would have burnt up. Only after the surface cooled sufficiently, and oceans formed from condensed water vapor, did conditions become suitable for living things to exist on Earth’s surface or in the seas. Temperature moderation was key to life’s emergence.
Q10. Why were oceans and seas necessary for life on Earth?
Ans. Oceans and seas were necessary because they provided the environment where early life forms could develop and survive. The water from condensed vapor filled the earth’s hollows, creating these massive water bodies. As the oceans cooled along with the earth, they became suitable habitats where living organisms could first exist before eventually spreading to land.