Dharam Juddha Summary and Explanation
BSEB Class 9 English Chapter 1 Dharam Juddha Summary, Explanation along with Difficult Word Meanings from English Panorama-I Book
Dharam Juddha Summary – Are you looking for the summary, theme and Lesson explanation for Bihar School Education Board (BSEB) Class 9 English Chapter 1 – Dharam Juddha from English Main Course Book. Get Lesson summary, theme, explanation along with difficult word meanings
BSEB Class 9 English Panorama-I Book Chapter 1 – Dharam Juddha
By Arjun Dev Charan
‘Dharma Juddha’ is the story of Padma, a young girl educated through scriptures like the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, etc. She feels aggrieved and agitated by the uncharitable orthodox attitude of society towards women. She repeatedly questions her parents about the rights and the identity of a woman and asks them whether her identity is subject to her marriage.
- Dharam Juddha Summary
- Dharam Juddha Summary in Hindi
- Dharam Juddha Theme
- Dharam Juddha Lesson Explanation
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Dharam Juddha Summary
The chapter is given in a play format. It starts with Padma asking her mother what a woman’s identity is. Her mother is confused by the question, not used to Padma asking such questions. Padma clarifies that she wants to know how she is different from others. Her mother tells Padma that she is their only child and her father’s darling. Padma says that her father cares more for money than for her. Her father is not an emotional or sensitive man. He chooses to stay up working rather than spend time with his wife and daughter. Her mother tells Padma that he does it so he can have money for his family. She also says that if Padma thinks her father is heartless, then she is also heartless. Padma refuses this, but the mother says that she is what her husband is. This shows how a woman is taught to link herself entirely to her husband. When Padma’s father enters the scene, he answers Padma’s question by saying that she will have an identity when she gets married. Padma then asks if only marriage can give a woman identity. Her mother says that a woman is nothing without a husband. Padma then asks what happens when a woman does not get married at all or if her husband dies. Her mother responds that life is hell for such women. Padma feels that this is unfair and speaks up. But her mother and father say that women are not equal to men, and so she cannot speak about justice and injustice. In the end, Padma thinks of the double standard of an unmarried man being venerated and called a saint, while an unmarried woman is called immoral and wanton.
Summary of the Lesson in Hindi
यह अध्याय एक नाटक के रूप में प्रस्तुत किया गया है। इसकी शुरुआत पद्मा के अपनी माँ से यह पूछने से होती है कि एक स्त्री की पहचान क्या होती है। उसकी माँ इस प्रश्न से उलझन में पड़ जाती है, क्योंकि पद्मा ने उससे ऐसे प्रश्न नहीं पूछे थे। पद्मा स्पष्ट करती है कि वह जानना चाहती है कि वह दूसरों से कैसे अलग है। उसकी माँ पद्मा से कहती है कि वह एक बेटी है और अपने पिता की लाडली है। पद्मा कहती है कि उसके पिता को उसकी अपेक्षा पैसों की अधिक चिंता है। उसके पिता भावुक या संवेदनशील व्यक्ति नहीं हैं। वे अपनी पत्नी और बेटी के साथ समय बिताने के बजाय काम करना पसंद करते हैं। उसकी माँ पद्मा से कहती है कि वे ऐसा इसलिए करते हैं ताकि अपने परिवार के लिए पैसे कमा सकें। वह यह भी कहती है कि अगर पद्मा को लगता है कि उसके पिता निर्दयी हैं, तो वह भी निर्दयी है। पद्मा इस बात को मानने से इनकार करती है, लेकिन माँ कहती है कि वह वही है जो उसका पति है। यह दर्शाता है कि कैसे एक स्त्री को अपने पति से पूरी तरह जुड़कर रहने की शिक्षा दी जाती है। जब पद्मा के पिता आते हैं, तो वे पद्मा के प्रश्न का उत्तर देते हुए कहते हैं कि शादी के बाद ही उसे अपनी पहचान मिलेगी। पद्मा फिर पूछती है कि क्या केवल विवाह ही स्त्री को पहचान दे सकता है? उसकी माँ कहती है कि पति के बिना स्त्री कुछ भी नहीं है। पद्मा फिर पूछती है कि अगर कोई स्त्री शादी ही न करे या उसका पति शादी कर ले तो क्या होता है? उसकी माँ जवाब देती है कि ऐसी स्त्रियों का जीवन नरक बन जाता है। पद्मा को यह अन्यायपूर्ण लगता है और वह इसके खिलाफ आवाज़ उठाती है। लेकिन उसके माता-पिता कहते हैं कि स्त्री पुरुष के बराबर नहीं है, इसलिए वह न्याय और अन्याय के बारे में नहीं बोल सकती। अंत में, पद्मा इस दोहरे मापदंड के बारे में सोचती है कि एक अविवाहित पुरुष को संत मानकर पूजा जाता है, जबकि एक अविवाहित स्त्री को अनैतिक और चरित्रहीन कहा जाता है।
Theme of the Lesson Dharam Juddha
The chapter discusses the identity of women and how the patriarchal society dictates that women always link themselves to either a father or a husband. The world is mostly patriarchal and sees women as inferior and always dependent on men. A woman’s identity is linked to their father or husband. A woman who does not marry is seen to be immoral and wanton. A widowed woman is only allowed to suffer in grief. A woman’s purpose is to devote herself to a man. It also highlights how women who choose to speak up for their rights are shut down immediately. It brings forth the harsh reality that a woman’s own parents can subject her to the oppressive gender perceptions of society instead of wanting the best for her happiness.
Dharam Juddha Lesson Explanation
Passage:
Padma: Mother, what is the identity of a woman?
Maa: Why do you ask that?
Padma: How am I different from others?
Maa: You are my daughter, our only child and your father’s darling.
Padma: Father cares more for money than for me. It takes a heart to bestow love.
Word-meanings:
identity: individuality
darling: dear or lovable child
bestow: confer
Explanation: Padma asked her mother what a woman’s identity was. The mother asked Padma why she wanted to know that. Padma said that she wished to know how she was different from others. The mother then told Padma that she was their only child. Padma was her father’s lovable child. Padma then said that her father cared more for money than for her. She remarked that a heart is needed to give or show love to someone. Indirectly, she meant that her father did not show her love and did not think from his heart.
Passage:
Maa: For whom does he save? He does all this only for your sake. You shouldn’t think that I’ve no heart.
Padma: But I didn’t say it of you.
Maa: I am not in any way different from him. My identity is linked with his and I cherish the bond.
Word-meanings:
cherish: to hold as dear
Explanation: The mother told Padma that her father concentrated on earning money for Padma’s sake. She also told Padma not to think that she did not have a heart. Padma said that she did not mean that her mother did not have a heart. Her mother then replied that she was not different because her identity was linked with his. This showed that wives are expected to link their identity to their husbands.
Passage:
(Enter Padma’s father)
Father: What is this talk about the bond, Padma’s mother?
Maa: Here is your father. Ask him whatever you want to know.
Father: What’s it, my child?
Maa: She wants to know what is the identity of a woman.
Father: You will know it, dear, when you are married.
Explanation: Padma’s father entered when he heard the mother talking about the cherished bond between him and his wife. The mother told the father that Padma wanted to know a woman’s identity. The father told Padma that she would get to know about it when she got married.
Passage:
Padma: Does marriage lend identity to a woman?
Maa: What is a woman without a husband?
Padma: What if one does not get married?
Maa: Why do you always ask such senseless questions?
Padma: What about a woman whose husband is dead?
Maa: Life is hell for her.
Word-meanings:
senseless: unreasonable
Explanation: Padma asked if marriage was the only thing that could give a woman her identity. Her mother said that a woman is nothing without a husband. Padma asked what a woman’s identity would be if she never got married. Her mother scolded her for asking unreasonable, nonsensical questions. Padma asked what a woman’s identity would be if her husband were dead. The mother said that life was hell for widows.
Passage:
Padma: That’s injustice!
Maa: You needn’t talk of justice and injustice here.
Padma: Why?
Maa: Over here women don’t have the right to ask questions.
Padma: What right do they have then?
Father: Rights are for equals, dear.
Explanation: Padma was outraged by her mother’s words and said that this was an injustice for all women. Her mother told her that she need not talk of justice and injustice because women didn’t have the right to ask questions. Padma asked what rights women had. Her father told her that only equals have rights. Since women are considered to be below men, they did not have any rights.
Passage:
Padma: Why is a home considered a place for bargaining? One shouldn’t live in such a place.
Father: You will get the same replies to these questions wherever you go.
Padma: But the identity of a woman is the identity of the human race. A society sans women…
Father: That’s why they say that marriage lends this identity.
Word-meanings:
sans: without
Explanation: Padma asked why a home was a place for bargaining. This means that, according to her, a home should be a place where everyone has rights and should be treated equally. Padma said that no one should live in a place where one is below other people. Her father said that she would get the answer wherever she went. This shows how severely male-dominated the entire world is, and that women are put down almost everywhere. Padma argued that the identity of a woman is the identity of the human race. A society without women cannot grow. Her father said that only a husband can lend a woman her identity because he is the one who can make a family with her.
Passage:
Padma: So if a girl does not get married she has no identity! Why is it that an unmarried man is venerated and called a saint while an unmarried woman is called immoral and wanton?
Word-meanings:
venerated: treated with respect
saint: a person of great holiness
immoral: having no moral
wanton: unchaste
Explanation: Padma then put forward the unfair treatment towards women and how a woman has no identity if she does not get married. She exposed the double standard in society and how an unmarried man is respected and considered holy, but an unmarried woman is called immoral and someone who engages in forming relations outside of marriage.
Conclusion
This post covers the lesson “Dharam Juddha” from the BSEB Class 9 English Panorama book. Students can go through the lesson summary, explanation and word meanings to do a quick revision.