Ode To Autumn Summary, Explanation, Word Meanings | BSEB Class 12

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Ode To Autumn

 

BSEB Class 12 English Poem 4 Now Ode To Autumn Summary, Explanation along with Difficult Word Meanings from Rainbow Book 

Ode To Autumn – BSEB Class 12 English Poem 4 Ode To Autumn Summary and detailed line by line explanations of the poem along with the meanings of difficult words.

 

BSEB Class 12 English Rainbow Book Poem 4 – Ode To Autumn

By John Keats

  • Related: Ode To Autumn Question Answers

     

    Ode To Autumn Introduction

     

    In the poem ‘Ode To Autumn’ Keats describes the beauty and characteristic spirit of autumn in a series of memorable pictures, exhibiting the principle of beauty in nature. 

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    Ode To Autumn Summary

    In the first stanza of the poem the poet talked about autumn, the season associated with mists and a general sense of calm abundance. Autumn was an intimate friend of the sun, whose heat and light helped all the fruits and vegetables to grow. Autumn was scheming with the sun to put on and bless with fruit, the vines that were running around the roof. Thatch was reeds or some other plant that was used as roof covering. The apples were bending the branches of the trees they were growing on and were covered with moss, the thick green stuff that can grow on almost anything. The fruit was filled with ripeness to the core by which the poet meant that the fruit had grown to its fullest size and needed to be harvested. The gourd became big and full and hazel shells grew fat with a sweet nut inside. The flowers were growing new buds and kept growing more, and when these buds bloomed, bees gathered around the flowers’ pollen. Those bees thought that the warmth would last forever, because summer brought so many flowers and so much pollen that the beehives were now overflowing with honey.

    In the second stanza of the poem, the poet asked a question to the Autumn season that who had not noticed it. Further he explained that any person who found themselves wandering about how to find the Autumn season, was likely to find it sitting lazily on the floor of a building where grains were stored. The poet talked about the season’s hair being lifted by a light wind that separated the strands of the hair by which he meant how a harvester might separate the components of a grain of wheat. Autumn was asleep with the toxic smell of poppies in her nose. Therefore the next section of a long strip of land on which crops had been cut and the twisted flowers would be saved from being cut. Sometimes, Autumn was like the agricultural laborer who picked up loose cuttings from the fields after the harvest. Autumn had gleaned lots of leftovers and put them on her head. So the poet had described the Autumn season as a laborer, who had to be observant, who watched the stream with a full, heavy head of fruit and leaves. Other times Autumn would watch the cyder-press noting how the juice and pulp slowly oozed out of the machine over the course of many hours. 

    In the last stanza of the poem, the poet expressed sadness that spring was not here. He asked where the music that characterizes spring and he repeated himself where it was by asking a question. The poet suggested not to think about the spring and its typical music as autumn had its own music. The poet described the background for the music as a scene in which beautiful, shadowed clouds expanded in the evening sky and filtered the sunlight such that it casted pink upon the fields, which had been harvested. The music included gnats, which hummed mournfully in a chorus among the willows that grew along the riverbanks, and which rose and fell according to the strength of the wind. They were mourning because of the dying day and also as the end of the summer was approaching. The poet also described that there were mature, fully grown lambs who were making loud sounds from the fence of their hilly enclosure. It included  crickets singing in the bushes and a red-breasted bird that softly whistled from a small garden. And lastly, it included the growing flock of swallows, which rose and sang together against the darkening sky.

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    Ode To Autumn Summary in Hindi

     

    कविता के पहले छंद में कवि ने शरद ऋतु, धुंध से जुड़े मौसम और शांत बहुतायत की सामान्य भावना के बारे में बात की। शरद ऋतु सूर्य की घनिष्ठ मित्र थी, जिसकी गर्मी और रोशनी ने सभी फलों और सब्जियों को बढ़ने में मदद की। पतझड़ सूरज के साथ मिलकर छत के चारों ओर फैली लताओं को फल देने और आशीर्वाद देने की योजना बना रहा था। छप्पर नरकट या कोई अन्य पौधा होता था जिसका उपयोग छत को ढंकने के लिए किया जाता था। सेब उन पेड़ों की शाखाओं को झुका रहे थे जिन पर वे उग रहे थे और काई से ढके हुए थे, मोटी हरी सामग्री जो लगभग किसी भी चीज़ पर उग सकती है। फल अंदर तक पकने से भरा हुआ था, जिससे कवि का तात्पर्य यह था कि फल अपने पूर्ण आकार तक बढ़ गया है और उसे काटने की जरूरत है। लौकी बड़ी और भरी हुई हो गई और हेज़ेल के छिलके मोटे हो गए और अंदर एक मीठा अखरोट था। फूलों में नई कलियाँ उग रही थीं और बढ़ती जा रही थीं, और जब ये कलियाँ खिलती थीं, तो मधुमक्खियाँ फूलों के पराग के चारों ओर इकट्ठा हो जाती थीं। उन मधुमक्खियों ने सोचा कि गर्मी हमेशा बनी रहेगी, क्योंकि गर्मियों में इतने सारे फूल और इतने सारे परागकण आए कि मधुमक्खी के छत्ते अब शहद से भर गए थे।

    कविता के दूसरे छंद में कवि ने शरद ऋतु से प्रश्न पूछा कि इस पर किसकी नजर नहीं पड़ी। इसके अलावा उन्होंने बताया कि जो कोई भी व्यक्ति शरद ऋतु के मौसम का पता लगाने के बारे में भटकता हुआ पाया जाता है, उसे संभवतः किसी इमारत के फर्श पर आलसी बैठा हुआ पाया जाता है, जहां अनाज का भंडारण किया जाता है। कवि ने मौसम के बालों को हल्की हवा से उठाने के बारे में बात की, जिसने बालों को अलग कर दिया, जिससे उनका मतलब था कि कैसे एक कटाई मशीन गेहूं के अनाज के घटकों को अलग कर सकती है। शरद अपनी नाक में खसखस ​​की जहरीली गंध के साथ सो रही थी। इसलिए भूमि की एक लंबी पट्टी का अगला भाग जिस पर फसलें काटी गई थीं और मुड़े हुए फूलों को काटने से बचाया जाएगा। कभी–कभी, शरद ऋतु उस खेतिहर मजदूर की तरह होती थी जो फसल के बाद खेतों से ढीली कटाई उठाता था। शरद ने बहुत सारा बचा हुआ खाना बीनकर अपने सिर पर रख लिया था। तो कवि ने पतझड़ के मौसम को एक मजदूर के रूप में वर्णित किया था, जिसे चौकस रहना पड़ता था, जो फलों और पत्तियों से भरे, भारी सिर के साथ धारा को देखता था। अन्य समय में शरद ऋतु साइडर–प्रेस को देखती थी कि कैसे कई घंटों के दौरान मशीन से रस और गूदा धीरे–धीरे बाहर निकलता था।

    कविता के अंतिम छंद में कवि ने दुख व्यक्त किया कि वसंत यहाँ नहीं है। उन्होंने पूछा कि वह संगीत कहां है जो वसंत की विशेषता बताता है और उन्होंने एक प्रश्न पूछकर खुद को दोहराया कि वह कहां था। कवि ने सुझाव दिया कि वसंत और उसके विशिष्ट संगीत के बारे में न सोचें क्योंकि शरद ऋतु का अपना संगीत होता है। कवि ने संगीत की पृष्ठभूमि को एक ऐसे दृश्य के रूप में वर्णित किया है जिसमें सुंदर, छायादार बादल शाम के आकाश में फैलते हैं और सूरज की रोशनी को इस तरह से फ़िल्टर करते हैं कि इससे खेतों पर गुलाबी रंग छा जाता है, जिनकी कटाई हो चुकी थी। संगीत में मच्छर शामिल थे, जो नदी के किनारे उगने वाले विलो के बीच एक कोरस में शोकपूर्वक गुनगुनाते थे, और जो हवा की ताकत के अनुसार उठते और गिरते थे। वे मरने के दिन के कारण शोक मना रहे थे और गर्मियों के अंत के करीब आने के कारण भी। कवि ने यह भी वर्णन किया कि वहाँ परिपक्व, पूर्ण विकसित मेमने थे जो अपने पहाड़ी बाड़े की बाड़ से तेज़ आवाज़ें निकाल रहे थे। इसमें झाड़ियों में गाने वाले झींगुर और एक छोटे से बगीचे से धीरे–धीरे सीटी बजाने वाली लाल छाती वाली चिड़िया शामिल थी। और अंत में, इसमें निगलों का बढ़ता झुंड शामिल था, जो अंधेरे आकाश के खिलाफ एक साथ उठते और गाते थे।

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    Video Explanation of Ode To Autumn

     

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    Ode To Autumn Explanation

     

    Poem :
    Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,
    Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;
    Conspiring with him how to load and bless
    With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eaves run;
    To bend with apples the moss’d cottage-trees,
    And fill all fruit with ripness to the core;
    To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
    With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,
    And still more, later flowers for the bees,
    Until they think warm days will never cease,
    For Summer has o’er-brimm’d their clammy cells.

    Word meaning
    Mists-     a cloud of tiny water droplets
    Mellow- soft and sweet in taste
    Fruitfulness- abundance
    Bosom-friend– a very close or intimate friend
    Conspiring- scheming
    Vines- climbing plants whose fruit is the grape
    Thatch-eaves- a sheltering cover such as a house roof made of such material
    Gourd- a kind of vegetable or fruit that swells up like balloons. Cucumbers belong to the gourd family, as well as pumpkins and melons.
    Plump- make fleshy or fat
    Hazel- small trees that produce small nuts
    Kernel- seed, core
    o’er brimm’d- filled so much that some spills over

    Explanation of the above poem : In the poem “Ode To Autumn” the poet John Keats has talked about the autumn season. He has explained how Autumn was considered as the season of mist (fog) when the clouds were hanging low and there was a mellow fruitfulness of fruit and juice, or in more general terms, there was a lot of everything. By fruitfulness the poet meant that everything was fertile and productive, so there was the idea that more could be produced; the land brought forth plenty of fruit and it was not a problem to produce even more. So Autumn was the season associated with mists and a general sense of calm abundance. The season was also an intimate friend of the sun, whose heat and light helped all those fruits and vegetables to grow on the vines that were wrapped around the roof edges of the farmhouses. Autumn was scheming with the Sun to put on and bless with fruit, the vines that were running around the roof. Thatch was reeds or some other plant that was used as roof covering. The apples were bending the branches of the trees they were growing on and were covered with moss, the thick and low green stuff that can grow on almost anything. The fruit was filled with ripeness to the core by which the poet meant that the fruit had grown to its fullest size and needed to be harvested. The gourd became big and full and hazel shells grew fat with a sweet nut inside. The flowers were growing new buds and kept growing more, and when these buds bloomed, bees gathered around the flowers’ pollen. Those bees thought that the warmth would last forever, because summer brought so many flowers and so much pollen that the beehives were now overflowing with honey. Summer had made the nuts and flowers and all the harvest of summer kept growing until it bursted.

     

    Poem :
    Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?
    Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find
    Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,
    Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;
    Or on a half-reap’d furrow sound asleep,
    Drowsed with the fume of poppies, while thy hook
    Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers:
    And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep
    Steady thy laden head across a brook;
    Or by a cider-press, with patient look,
    Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours.

    Word meaning
    Granary-     store-house for grain
    Winnowing- blowing a current of air to remove its outer covering
    Swath- a long strip of land on which crops have been cut
    Gleaner- one who collects or gathers
    Cyder-press- a device that squeezes the juice out of apples, to make wine

    Explanation of the above poem : In the second stanza of the poem, the poet asked a question to the Autumn season: who had not noticed you. Further he explained that any person who found themselves wandering about how to find the Autumn season, was likely to find it sitting lazily on the floor of the building where grains were stored. The poet talked about the season’s hair being lifted by a light wind that separated the strands of the hair by which he meant how a harvester might separate the components of a grain of wheat. Autumn could be found outside in a field and anyone who might find the autumn season, it would be found asleep in the fields in a good deep sleep, on an incompletely harvested crop row, fatigued because of the sleep-inducing aroma of the poppies. Autumn was asleep with the toxic smell of poppies in her nose. Poppies were those red flowers from which opium and other drugs were made. Therefore the next section of a long strip of land on which crops had been cut and the twisted flowers would be saved from being cut. Sometimes, Autumn was like the agricultural laborer who picked up loose cuttings from the fields after the harvest. Autumn had gleaned lots of leftovers and put them on her head. So the poet had described the Autumn season as a laborer, who had to be observant, who watched the stream with a full, heavy head of fruit and leaves. Other times Autumn would watch the cyder-press (cyder-press was a device that squeezes the juice out of apples, to make wine) noting how the juice and pulp slowly oozed out of the machine over the course of many hours. 

     

    Poem :
    Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they?
    Think not of them, thou hast thy music too, –
    While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day,
    And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue;
    Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn
    Among the river sallows, borne aloft
    Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;
    And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn;
    Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft
    The red-breast whistles from a garden-croft;
    And gathering swallows twitter in the skies. 

    Word meaning
    Choir    – chorus
    Gnats- a small fly with two wings that bite
    Sallows- of an unhealthy yellow colour
    Bourn- domain, land
    Hedge-cricket- brown green pink insect which makes shrill noise in the bush
    Redbreast- a bird called robin
    Ripeness– ready to be gathered 

    Explanation of the above poem : In the last stanza of the poem, the poet expressed sadness that spring was not here. He asked where the music that characterizes spring was and he repeated himself where it was by asking a question. The poet suggested not to think about the spring and its typical music as autumn had its own music. The poet described the background for the music as a scene in which beautiful, shadowed clouds expanded in the evening sky and filtered the sunlight such that it casted pink upon the fields, which had been harvested. The music included gnats, which hummed mournfully in a chorus among the willows that grew along the riverbanks, and which rose and fell according to the strength of the wind. They were mourning because of the dying day and also because the end of the summer was approaching. The poet also described that there were mature, fully grown lambs who were making loud sounds from the fence of their hilly enclosure. It included  crickets singing in the bushes and a red-breasted bird that softly whistled from a small garden. And lastly, it included the growing flock of swallows, which rose and sang together against the darkening sky.

     

    Poetic/Literary Devices

     

    Following poetic/literary devices have been used in the poem Ode To Autumn :

    1. Rhetorical Question: Rhetorical question is often used to make a point and not to receive an answer. The poet has posed rhetorical questions in the second and third stanzas to emphasize his point such as, “Where are the songs of spring?”
    2. Imagery: The use of imagery makes the reader visualize the writer’s feelings and emotions. Keats’s imagery evokes the perceptions of sight, hearing, smell, taste, and For instance, in the first stanza, he uses visual imagery such as thatch-eyed”; “mossed cottage-trees”; the granary floor”; “plump the hazel shells” and “full-grown lambs.” There is also olfactory (sense of smell) imagery in the second stanza such as, “fume of poppies” and “sweet kernel.” Tactile imagery is used in the last stanzas such as, “clammy cells” and “winnowing wind.”
    3. Personification: Personification is to give human characteristics to nonhuman things. Keats has used personification in the opening lines of the poem:“Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;” He personifies the autumn season and the sun by calling them friends as if these abstract things are humans with intimate relations.
    4. Apostrophe: An apostrophe is a device used to call somebody from afar. The poet has used this device in the twelfth line where it is stated as “Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store.” In this line, the poet directly addresses the imaginary character “autumn”.
    5. Symbolism: Symbolism is using symbols to signify ideas and qualities, giving them symbolic meanings that are different from the literal meanings. Keats has used a lot of symbols in this poem such as “Autumn” symbolizes the women and “the sun” symbolically stands for a male. Similarly, “gathering swallows” symbolizes the end of autumn.
    6. Simile: A simile is a figure of speech used to compare an object, animal or person with another object or person or animals to make its meaning clear. Keats has used simile in the nineteenth line, “And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep.” Here, he compares autumn with a person who gathers the remaining food from the field.
    7. Assonance: Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds in the same line. For example, ‘o’ sound in “Among the river sallows, borne aloft.”
    8. Consonance: Consonance is the repetition of consonant sounds in the same line such as the sound of ‘t’ in “And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue” and ‘s’ sound in “Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers.”
    9. Onomatopoeia – whistles, twitter
    10. Rhyme scheme – ababcdedcce, ababcdecdde, ababcdecdde

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