PSEB Class 12 Chapter 8 Ghadari Babas in Kalapani Jail Important Question Answers from A Rainbow of English book
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PSEB Class 12 English Chapter 8 Ghadari Babas in Kalapani Jail Textbook Questions
I. COMPREHENSION
1. Short Answer Type Questions:
1. List a few key members of the Ghadar Party.
Ans. Lala Har Dayal, Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna, Baba Nidhan Singh, Kartar Singh Sarabha, and Vishnu Ganesh Pingley are a few key members of the Ghadar Party.
2. What was the mode of torturing brave fighters by the British government?
Ans. The British government would capture the brave fighters involved in a conspiracy case and declare them to be criminals. According to their choice, the brave fighters would either be hanged or be put in the Cellular Jail. In the Cellular Jail, they were not only isolated from the civilians but also from other political prisoners. There, they would be forced to participate in hard labour by working in the coconut oil mill. They would be punished for not producing the desired amount of coir threads and coconut oil. The living conditions were unsanitary with an unclean environment, insufficient food and water.
3. Write the other two names for the ‘Cellular Jail’.
Ans. The other two names for the ‘Cellular Jail’ are ‘Kaala Pani Jail’ and the ‘Devil’s Island’.
4. What were the physical conditions of the Cellular Jail?
Ans. The Cellular Jail is located on Port Blair, the capital of Andaman Nicobar Islands. The island was known as the ‘Devil’s Island’, due to the Cellular Jail or Kala Pani Jail. This jail consisted of 690 cells. Each cell meant for one prisoner was thirteen feet by seven feet and was closed from all sides except the iron door. A coconut oil mill or kohlu was found in the jail as well. The jail was often infested with mosquitoes and leeches.
5. Who were the chief governing officials in the Cellular Jail?
Ans. The chief governing officials in the Cellular Jail were Jailor David Barry, Superintendent Murray, and the Chief Commissioner.
6. How were the ‘convicts’ punished when they failed to work properly?
Ans. The ‘convicts’ were punished severely when they failed to work properly. The ‘convicts’ would have to endure 30 lashes of whips in front of the other prisoners. They would scream loudly in agony and blood would come out of their wounds due to the amount of inhuman whipping that they would be subjected to.
7. Who were addressed as ‘demi-gods’ and why?
Ans. Jailor David Barry and other chief governing officials were addressed as ‘demi-gods’ for various reasons. The first reason was that these officials held complete control over the entire jail and the lives of the prisoners, and they could abuse and torture them for their sadistic amusement as much as they pleased. The second reason was that there were gods in the form of humans and so the term ‘demi-gods’ was an accurate way to describe it.
8. What was the mantra of Ghadarites, right in the beginning of their conviction period?
Ans. The mantra of Ghadarites, right in the beginning of their conviction period, was to not take the indignity and abuse of the officials. They resolved to respond to their cruelty with determined retaliation.
9. Why was Jyotish Chandra Pal removed to a mental hospital?
Ans. During a particularly long hunger strike, Jyotish Chandra Pal passed blood with stool but refused to back down from the strike. After one more month, he went mad and was removed to a mental hospital.
10. Why did the jail authorities discontinue some of their practices of bad treatment?
Ans. it was due to the authorities and their continued bad treatment, that the political prisoners started conducting hunger strikes and strikes from work. Also, accounts of their ill-treatment were now going out of the jail. With their successful quiet resistance and the shock of the rest of the country, the jail authorities were forced to discontinue some of their practices of bad treatment.
2. Long Answer Type Questions:
1. Write, in brief, what you know about the Ghadar Party.
Ans. Ghadar Party was a political party launched in USA and Canada in the year 1913. It was organized by the Indians who had gone to these two countries or had been barred from India due to their revolutionary actions against British rule. One of those people was Lala Har Dayal. The aim of the political party was to free India by forcibly removing power that the British had over India. With this objective, many Indian immigrants and revolutionary exiles returned to India. Some of the main leaders were: Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna, Baba Nidhan Singh, Kartar Singh Sarabha and Vishnu Ganesh Pingley. The ghadarites were much older than the rest of the political prisoners. They were all 45 years and above. Baba Sohan Singh Bhakhna, who was one of the prominent leaders of the party, was 45 years old. Nidhan Singh, another prominent leader, was 60 years old. Kehar Singh was 62, Kala Singh 55 and Gurdit Singh 50 years old.
2. How were the Indians treated in the Cellular Jail of the Andamans by the British officials?
Ans. The Indian political prisoners were treated on the same level as the other convicts in the Cellular Jail of the Andamans by the British officials. They were severely beaten with whips by warders in an attempt to squash the patriotic spirit of the Indian political prisoners. They were forced to work hard as labourers in the coconut oil mill and were harshly punished if they produced less than 30 pounds of coconut oil. The Indian political prisoners were confined in isolation not just from the mainland but also from each other in order to avoid any mutinies and organised escapes.
3. Discuss the various physical problems that the Indian freedom fighters had to face in the Cellular Jail.
Ans. The British government would capture the brave fighters involved in a conspiracy case and declare them to be criminals. According to their choice, the brave fighters would either be hanged or be put in the Cellular Jail. In the Cellular Jail, they were not only isolated from the civilians but also from other political prisoners. There, they would be forced to participate in hard labour by working in the coconut oil mill. They would be punished for not producing the desired amount of coir threads and coconut oil. The living conditions were unsanitary with an unclean environment, insufficient food and water. The jail would often be infested with mosquitoes and leeches, which would lead to the political prisoners having to resist the onslaught of abuse while surviving in inhuman conditions. Therefore, the physical problems that the Indian freedom fighters had to face in the Cellular Jail can be conceptualised in the following categories: physical and mental torture, forced labour, inadequate and unhygienic food, and negligible medical care.
4. What was David Barry’s address to the new group of political prisoners?
Ans. Barin Ghose was the brother of Aurobindo Ghose, an Indian yogi and nationalist. He was captured by the British in the Alipore Conspiracy Case 1908-1909 along with many other Bengali revolutionaries. He told the world the harsh words of the jailor, David Barry to the new captured groups. David Barry ordered them to follow every rule and command, and if anyone disobeyed them, then there would be no mercy for them from his side. He also said that God could not save them because even God was afraid to come close to Port Blair. With this, David Barry aimed to instill a sense of fear and helplessness in the revolutionary prisoners. Warders were officers in red turbans. The low-ranking officers wore black uniforms. However, David Barry commanded the prisoners to not fight against the low-ranking officers and doing so would again result in hellish torture and abuse.
II VOCABULARY PRACTICE
1. Fill in the blanks with the adjectives given below:
| hard | deep | heavy |
| marshy | rainy | brutal |
In perennial weather, with…… bar fetters and shackles on their feet, surrounded by snakes, leeches and scorpions, the freedom fighters were expected, in ……. forests to clear a path for roads through………. land. They were punished and faced………labour if they slowed down. Despite this……. treatment, the freedom fighters used to resist and fight for their self-respect and for the love of their country.
Ans. In perennial weather, with heavy bar fetters and shackles on their feet, surrounded by snakes, leeches and scorpions, the freedom fighters were expected, in rainy forests to clear a path for roads through marshy land. They were punished and faced hard labour if they slowed down. Despite this brutal treatment, the freedom fighters used to resist and fight for their self-respect and for the love of their country.
2. Use- en as a prefix or a suffix with the following words to form verbs:
| danger | hard | fast | able |
| sharp | cash | large | soft |
| straight | courage | sweet | noble |
Ans. 1. endanger
2. sharpen
3. straighten
4. harden
5. encash
6. encourage
7. fasten
8. enlarge
9. sweeten
10. enable
11. soften
12. ennoble
III GRAMMAR EXERCISES
1. Change the Narration
1. You said, “My father returned from Cuttack last night.”
Ans. You said that your father had returned from Cuttack the previous night.
2. The saint said, “We should not hate the sinners.”
Ans. The saint said that we should not hate the sinners.
3. Jogi said that he had stood first.
Ans. Jogi said, “I stood first.”
4. Geeta said to Rohini, “Examination is drawing near.”
Ans. Geeta told Rohini that examination was drawing near.
5. He says, “I go to the temple every day.”
Ans. He said that he went to the temple every day.
6. He said to me, “Hard work is the key to success.”
Ans. He told me that hard work is the key to success.
7. She said, “I was ill yesterday.”
Ans. She said that she had been ill the previous day.
8. “I want to take that journalist out on patrol,” he said to Priya.
Ans. He told Priya that he wanted to take that journalist out on patrol.
9. The science teacher said to the students that the earth moves round the sun.
Ans. The science teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun.
10. She said to me, “God will help you.”
Ans. She told me that God would help me.
2. Do as Directed
1. It is a penal offence…………..(bribe) a public servant. (Fill in the blank with an infinitive)
Ans. It is a penal offence to bribe a public servant.
2. The boys are anxious……………(learn). (Fill in the blank with an infinitive)
Ans. The boys are anxious to learn.
3. Combine the following sets of sentences using Infinitives.
a. i. The strikers held a meeting.
ii. They wished to discuss the terms of the employers.
Ans. The strikers held a meeting to discuss the terms of the employers.
b. i. The robber took out a knife.
ii. He wanted to frighten the old man.
Ans. The robber took out a knife to frighten the old man.
4. ………(Consider) the facts, he received scant justice. (Fill in the blank with a Participle)
Ans. Considering the facts, he received scant justice.
5. Combine the following sentences using a Participle.
i. He walked away.
ii. He was whistling.
Ans. He walked away while whistling.
6. My hair needs……………..(cut) (Fill in the blank with a Gerund)
Ans. My hair needs cutting.
7. I saw him…………..(cross) the road. (Fill in the blank with a Gerund)
Ans. I saw him crossing the road.
3. Fill in the blanks with suitable Determiners
1. Keep to………..(an/the) left.
Ans. Keep to the left.
2. Where shall I send…………… (the /some) fare?
Ans. Where shall I send the fare?
3. I need……………(some/any) money.
Ans. I need some money.
4. Can you catch………. (this /these) butterfly?
Ans. Can you catch this butterfly?
5. How……….(many / much) experience have you got?
Ans. How much experience have you got?
6. He is………….(a/the) best boy in the class.
Ans. He is the best boy in the class.
7. Kindly show………………..(any/some) pens..
Ans. Kindly show some pens.
8. I did not buy…………. (any/some) trousers from the market.
Ans. I did not buy any trousers from the market.
9. There are shady trees on………..(either / neither) side of the road.
Ans. There are shady trees on either side of the road.
10. How………..(much/many) ink is there in the bottle?
Ans. How much ink is there in the bottle?
Punjab Board Class 12 English Chapter 8 Ghadari Babas in Kalapani Jail Extra Question and Answers
Extract-Based Questions
A.
The Cellular Jail in Port Blair, Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal was rightly described as ‘the Devil’s Island’. It was also called Kala Pani Jail. Initially, the penal colony was created to isolate and torture for life the rebels of the Ghadar (Mutiny) of 1857 and other hardened criminals. The newly constructed jail was opened in 1906. Bengali revolutionaries convicted in Alipore Conspiracy Case were the first group of 27 political prisoners brought there followed by others of the Nasik Conspiracy Case, such as V.D. Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Savarkar. The Ghadarites (Ghadari Babas) constituted the largest single group of political prisoners sentenced to transportation for life; 40 of them convicted in the Lahore Conspiracy Case were brought there in December 1915. More than 30 from the Lahore Supplementary Conspiracy Case and Mandlay Conspiracy case followed later. Unlike the other groups of revolutionary prisoners, many among the Ghadar prisoners were quite old. Nidhan Singh was 60 years old; Kehar Singh 62, Kala Singh 55, Gurdit Singh 50 and a large number of them, including Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna were 45 years and above. They were therefore addressed as Babas with respect.
Q1. What is the Cellular Jail also known as?
Ans. It is also known as ‘the Devil’s island’ or Kala Pani jail.
Q2. Where is the Cellular Jail located?
Ans. It is at Port Blair, Andaman islands.
Q3. The Andaman Islands are located in the __________
Ans. Bay of Bengal
Q4. The jail was opened in the year ________
Ans. 1906
Q5. The Ghadarites were also known as _______
Ans. Ghadari Babas
B.
Given the highly inclement weather, the area infested with mosquitoes and blood-sucking leeches, and thoroughly bad and inadequate food, many were frequently sick with dysentery, high fever, tuberculosis, and asthma. Working on the oil mill (kohlu) to extract a minimum of 30 pounds of coconut oil and pounding coconut husk to produce coir threads etc. constituted daily rounds of hard labour. If the quantity produced was less, filthy abuse, up to 30 lashes of a whip in public, loud cries and blood oozing from the skin were a part of the patently revolting experience.
Q1. What kind of food were the inmates served?
Ans. It was bad and inadequate.
Q2. The jail inmates frequently suffered from ______________, ___________, ___________ and _____________
Ans. dysentery, high fever, tuberculosis, and asthma.
Q3. Where were they forced to work?
Ans. They were forced to work at the oil mill, kohlu.
Q4. What work did they have to do everyday?
Ans. They had to extract a minimum of 30 pounds of coconut oil and pound coconut husk to produce coir threads.
Q5. How were they punished if they did not work as required?
Ans. They were subjected to filthy abuse, up to 30 lashes of a whip in public, loud cries and blood oozing from the skin.
C.
On arrival there, the Ghadarites learnt about the sufferings, the hard struggles of resistance and also the minor relaxations gained by the Bengali and Marathi political prisoners. Right in the beginning, the Ghadarites resolved not to suffer any indignity or abuse without a determined retaliation. When Parma Nand Jhansi was abused and threatened by the Jailor Barry for not producing the required quantity of oil, Jhansi retaliated and hit the Jailor. As the Jailor fell down, Jhansi was mercilessly beaten by the warders. The fall of the ‘demi-God’ and the horrendous torture of Jhansi created quite a stir in the small world of the Jail. In another case of retaliation against severe cruelty, when Chattar Singh slapped the Superintendent Murray hard, he was put in a cage with standing bar chains. Bhan Singh was beaten so hard that he died in the hospital. Resistance and most cruel punishment killed Ram Rakha within two months of his arrival there. Altogether eight Ghadarites lost their lives in the Cellular Jail.
Q1. Who arrived and where?
Ans. The Ghadarites arrived at the Cellular jail.
Q2. What did the Ghadarites resolve?
Ans. They resolved not to suffer any indignity or abuse without a determined retaliation.
Q3. What did Parma Nand Jhansi do to the jailor?
Ans. He hit the jailor.
Q4. What happened when the jailor fell down on being hit by Jhansi?
Ans. Jhansi was mercilessly beaten by the warders.
Q5. Who slapped Superintendent Murray?
Ans. A Ghadarite named Chattar Singh slapped Superintendent Murray.
D.
On a long hunger strike, Jyotish Chandra Pal, passed blood in stool; refused to relent and after a month went totally mad and was removed to a mental hospital. Prithvi Singh continued the hunger strike for four months, resisting entreaties even by the best friends. ‘Never in the history of the Andamans had a strike on such a large scale been organised or lasted for such a long time’. It was a measure of such resistance that the Jail authorities were forced to discontinue some of the practices of bad treatment of political prisoners. The determined collective resistance in the face of horrible suffering created legendary stories of their struggle. Singing Vande Mataram and patriotic songs, reciting Gurbani and taking the harshest physical punishments in their stride, it was like making of a new culture of the dignity of fighting brutal forces with soul-force, until they were either released in 1921 or transferred to jails on the mainland. The sufferings and the daring resistance of these living martyrs, were indeed decidedly more severe and testing than the death by hanging of a number of martyrs. Bhakna explained that the crux of the songs which the revolutionaries sang in the jails was something like this: ‘Hey Matribhoomi, this is true that we could not liberate you, but so long as even one of our comrades is alive he will sacrifice everything to remove your chains’.
Q1. What happened to Jyotish Chandra Pal?
Ans. He was on a long hunger strike and passed blood in stool. He refused to give in and after a month, went totally mad and was sent to a mental hospital.
Q2. Prithvi Singh went on a hunger strike for __ months.
Ans. 4
Q3. What all did the Ghadarites do to express their revolt?
Ans. They sang patriotic songs like Vande Matram, recited gurbani, underwent harsh punishments and used their soul-force to fight against the brutal forces.
Q4. What does the crux of the song sung by the revolutionaries indicate?
Ans. It shows their desperation till the last breath to free their motherland.
Q5. The suffering of these ______ martyrs was severe than ______ by hanging.
Ans. living, death
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Q1. Who out of the following is NOT termed as ‘butchers’ and virtual ‘progeny of the Satan’?
A. Jailor David Barry
B. the Chief Commissioner
C. Barin Ghose
D. the Superintendent Murray
Ans. C. Barin Ghose
Q2. The Ghadar Party was organised in the USA in the year _______
A. 1903
B. 1913
C. 1923
D. 1927
Ans. B. 1913
Q3. What was the aim of organizing the Ghadar party?
A. framing the constitution of India
B. freedom from Mughal rule
C. freedom from British rule
D. freedom of dalits
Ans. C. freedom from British rule
Q4. The rebellion stipulated in ___________ failed.
A. February 1915
B. September 1915
C. February 1916
D. January 1915
Ans. A. February 1915
Q5. The Cellular jail in Port Blair was rightly described as __________
A. ‘the Devi’s Island’
B. ‘the God’s Island’
C. ‘the Evil’s Island’
D. ‘the Devil’s Island’
Ans. D. ‘the Devil’s Island’
Q6. What was the Cellular Jail also known as?
A. Nimboo Pani jail
B. Neela Pani Jail
C. Kaala Pani Jail
D. Pathar Pani Jail
Ans. C. Kaala Pani Jail
Q7. The rebels of Ghadar mutiny of _____ were tortured at the Cellular jail
A. 1957
B. 1857
C. 1897
D. 1837
Ans. B. 1857
Q8. How many Bengali revolutionaries convicted in Alipore Conspiracy Case were lodged in the Cellular jail?
A. 37
B. 27
C. 25
D. 35
Ans. B. 27
Q9. In which case were V.D. Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Savarkar imprisoned?
A. Nasik Conspiracy Case
B. Lahore Conspiracy Case
C. Kanpur Conspiracy Case
D. Alipore Conspiracy Case
Ans. A. Nasik Conspiracy Case
Q10. Why were the Ghadarites addressed as ‘Babas’?
A. Their dress up as Sufi saints
B. their old age
C. their religious sect
D. All of these
Ans. B. their old age
Q11. The __________ sucked blood.
A. jailor
B. insect
C. prisoners
D. all of them
Ans. B. insect
Q12. The prisoners at the Cellular jail were __________
A. religious
B. patriots
C. traitors
D. none of these
Ans. B. patriots
Q13. Barin Ghose was the brother of _______
A. Rabindranath Tagore
B. Aurobindo Ghose
C. Rabindro Ghose
D. None of them
Ans. B. Aurobindo Ghose
Q14. Who would say – ‘If you disobey me, may God help you! At least I will not, that is certain. Remember also that God does not come within three miles of Port Blair. The red turbans you see there are warders. And those in black uniform are petty officers. You must obey them’?
A. Jailor David Barry
B. the Chief Commissioner
C. Barin Ghose
D. the Superintendent Murray
Ans. A. Jailor David Barry
Q15. Who out of the following did NOT derive sadistic pleasure in torturing the political prisoners?
A. warders
B. petty officers
C. Jamadars
D. prisoners
Ans. D. prisoners
Q16. Who slapped Murray?
A. Chhatar Singh
B. Bhan Singh
C. Ram Rakha
D. All of them
Ans. A. Chhatar Singh
Q17. On a long hunger strike, ____________ passed blood in stool and eventually became mad.
A. Barin Ghose
B. Jyotish Chandra Pal
C. Prithvi Singh
D. Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna
Ans. B. Jyotish Chandra Pal
Q18. Who led the hunger strike?
A. Barin Ghose
B. Jyotish Chandra Pal
C. Prithvi Singh
D. Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna
Ans. D. Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna
Q19. What was the maximum number of participants in the hunger strike?
A. 200
B. 100
C. 50
D.300
Ans. B. 100
Q20. The inmates were released from the jail in the year ___
A. 1911
B. 1891
C. 1921
D. 1920
Ans. C. 1921
True or False
State whether the following are true or false-
1. The Ghadarites were known as Ghadari Babas.
2. The oldest inmate in the jail was 70 years of age.
3. Jailor Barry was termed as a progeny of Satan.
4. Parmanand Jhasi hit Barry and he fell down.
5. The Ghadar Party intended to launch a non-violent revolt to erase the British rule in India
6. Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna, Baba Nidhan Singh, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Vishnu Ganesh Pingley were among the prominent leaders of the Ghadar party.
7. The stipulated rebellion in February 1915 was a success.
8. The Cellular Jail was not in Port Blair, Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal
9. Unlike the other groups of revolutionary prisoners, many among the Ghadar prisoners were quite old. They were therefore addressed as Babas with respect.
10. Andaman had a pleasant weather with melodious birds which entertained the prisoners.
Answers
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. False
8. False
9. True
10. False
Fill in the blanks
1. The Ghadari Babas were _____ in age.
2. The Ghadar Party was organised in the year _______
3. The aim of the Ghadar party was to launch a ______ revolt against the British rule in India.
4. __________ revolutionaries were convicted in the Alipore Conspiracy case
5. The prisoners had to work in the ____ mill.
6. The had to pound _______ husk
7. Each _______ prisoner was confined to a small, dingy cell.
8. The prisoners were _______ to communicate with each other.
9. Barin Ghose was convicted in the ______________ case
10. _________ committed suicide
Answers-
1. old
2. 1913
3. violent
4. Bengali
5. oil
6. coconut
7. patriotic
8. Not allowed
9. Alipore Conspiracy
10. Indu Bhushan
Extra Questions
Answer the following questions-
Q1. Who set up the Cellular Jail and why?
Ans. The British rulers in India set up the Cellular jail in 1906 to punish patriots who considered against the british rule.
Q2. Why and where was the Ghadar party organised?
Ans. Ghadar Party was organized by Indian immigrants and revolutionary exiles like Lala Har Dayal in USA and Canada in 1913 with a view to launch an armed struggle for the freedom of India by overthrowing the British rule.
Q3. What led the Ghadarites to be launched in the Cellular Jail?
Ans. The stipulated rebellion by the Ghadarites in February 1915 failed and a large number of them were hanged and punished to long terms of life in Jails.
Q4. Which was the largest single group of political prisoners sentenced to transportation for life?
Ans. The Ghadarites (Ghadari Babas) constituted the largest single group of political prisoners sentenced to transportation for life; 40 of them convicted in the Lahore Conspiracy Case were brought there in December 1915. More than 30 from the Lahore Supplementary Conspiracy Case and Mandlay Conspiracy case followed later.
Q5. Why were the Ghadarites addressed as ‘babas’?
Ans. Most of the Ghadarites were old and so, they were addressed as babas out of respect.
Q6. What punishment was inflicted on the prisoners, in case the quantity of the oil produced was less?
Ans. If the quantity produced was less, filthy abuse, up to 30 lashes of a whip in public, loud cries and blood oozing from the skin were a part of the punishment.
Q7. Why did Barin Ghose call the officers ‘smaller gods’?
Ans. Barin Ghose called them ‘smaller gods’ because they would abuse, humiliate, and ill treat the political prisoners and made their life most miserable.
Q8. What raised a storm in the country’s newspapers?
Ans. The stories of extreme torture metted out to the patriot prisoners of the cellular jail which drove them to insanity, suicide and hunger strike raised a storm in the newspapers.
Q9. Describe the incident of torture metted out to Parma Nand Jhansi.
Ans. Parma Nand Jhansi was abused and threatened by the Jailor Barry for not producing the required quantity of oil. Jhansi retaliated and hit the Jailor. As the Jailor fell down, Jhansi was mercilessly beaten by the warders.
Q10. How did the prisoner make a new culture of the dignity of fighting brutal forces?
Ans. They sang Vande Mataram and patriotic songs, recited Gurbani and took the harshest physical punishments in their stride which was like making of a new culture of the dignity of fighting brutal forces with soul-force, which led to either their release in 1921 or transfer to jails on the mainland.