West Bengal JEE Exam Syllabus for Biology

WEST BENGAL JOINT ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS BOARD

SYLLABUS FOR JEM – 2009

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Unit of Life : Definition of life, Cell as the basic unit of life. Cell theory, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell –

structure and differences.

Ultrastructure and functions of cellular components : Cell wall, Plasma membrane, Plastid, Endoplasmic

reticulum, Golgi bodies, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Nucleus, Centrosomes, Cilia, Flagella.

Microscopy : Components and principles of Simple and Compound Microscope;

Electron Microscope : Basic functional principles.

Physical and chemical principles involved in maintenance of life processes :Diffusion, Osmosis,

Absorption, Osmoregulation.

Biomolecules : Classification and structural properties of carbohydrates, lipids, aminoacids, proteins and

nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates : Monosaccharides, digosaccharides, and polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose).

Proteins :Simple (albumins, globulins, collagen) and conjugated proteins (only examples).

Nucleic acids : Structure of DNA, RNA, types of RNA.

Enzymes : Definition & properties, Examples; Mechanism of Action, Allosterism and Regulation.

Chromosomes and Cell Division : Morphology of chromosomes; Euchromatin and Heterochromatin.

Nucleic acid as genetic material (Examples: Bacterial Transformation and Viral Transduction).

Brief idea of Polytene chromosomes:Cell cycle and phases (excluding control mechanism). Characters of

malignant cell; Process & significance of Meiosis.

Genetics : Laws of Heredity : (Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses; Mendel’s laws). Back cross, Test cross,

Linkage, Crossing over, Sex linked inheritance – Colour blindness, Haemophilia.

Mutation – Definition and Types; Replication of DNA, Transcription and Translation (Brief idea).

Origin, Evolution and Diversity of Life :Haldane and Oparin’s concept on origin of life. Modern concept

of Natural selection, Biological Species concept.

Human evolution – an outline.

Taxonomy and Classification : Definition; Importance of Taxonomy, Binomial Nomenclature, Law of

Priority (Homonym & Synonym).

Concept of Biodiversity : Definition of Biodiversity ; Genetic diversity; Species diversity and Ecosystem

diversity. Five kingdom classification (only distinct characters).Salient features of major animal phyla with

common examples, classification of Chordates (up to Sub Class) with distinctive characters only.

Population Biology :Concept of population growth (logistic and exponential) and population control.

Ecosystem : Concept of ecosystem and Biosphere, Wetland..

Brief idea of Ecological pyramids, Energy flow, Biogeochemical cycle (concept only).

Environmental pollution : Air, water and noise pollution – sources effects and probable control strategies;

Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation. Cause of Dyslexia, Minamata and Etai etai diseases. Green house

effect, BOD, COD, Acid rain and Ozone hole.

Virus and Bacteria :Morphological characteristics of Bacteriophage (T2),Plant virus (TMV);Animal virus

(influenza),Bacterial cell (E. coli).

Staining : Gram staining for bacteria.

Biotechnological application of microbes : (a)Agricultural – Rhizobium and other Nitrogen fixing

bacteria, Biofertilizers and Bio- pesticides ; (b) Industrial – Production of curd; tanning and brewery;

synthesis of antibiotics, vitamin. (c)Cloning of microbial genes.

Tissue and tissue system :(a)Plant Tissues–Meristematic and permanent (types with characterization and

function).(b)Animal Tissue – outline classification and examples.

Functions of life :

Photosynthesis :

Major photosynthetic pigments, outline concept of light and dark reaction phases, basic idea of bacterial

photosynthesis, C2, C3, C4 pathways, CAM (in brief), photorespiration.

Respiratory system :

(a) Definition of respiration, Mechanisms of glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle (Flow chart only; calculation for

ATP, CO2 & H2O) ; Outline idea of Electron Transport system, Relationships of photosynthesis and

respiration. (b)Respiratory system in human : Respiratory tract, Mechanism of breathing, Role of

intercostals muscles and diaphragm;

Significance of physiological and anatomical dead space.

Tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes, residual volume, vital capacity. Composition

of inspired, expired and alveolar air. Common respiratory diseases – definition and causes – Asthma,

Tuberculosis, Hypoxia, Anoxia, Apnoea, Dyspnoea.

Cardiovascular system & Blood :

Anatomy of Heart – junctional tissues of the heart; origin and propagation of cardiac impulse. Histological

structures of arteries, veins and capillaries.

Cardiac cycle – Atrial and ventricular events only; cardiac cycle time, Heart sound.

Cardiac output – definition, Stroke and Minutes volume.

Blood pressure : factors controlling & measurement.

Blood – Composition and functions of blood.

Blood coagulation and anticoagulants, Blood group and Rh factor, Blood Transfusion, Lymph and tissue

fluid formation and functions, Portal circulation.

Nutrition and Digestive system :Basic constituents of food and their nutritional significance. Vitamins –

dietary sources, functions and deficiency symptoms of water and fat soluble vitamins. Structure and

functions of the alimentary canal and the digestive glands. Functions of the digestive juices (saliva, gastric

juice, pancreatic juice, intestinal juice), Biles.

Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Diseases – Peptic and Gastric ulcers,

Gastritis; fasting and obesity.

Metabolism : Definition; B.M.R. – Controlling factors; elementary idea of metabolic pathways;

glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, Oxidation of fatty acids, Ketone body formation and its

significance.

Deamination, Transamination and Decarboxylation of aminoacids (definition only).

Excretory system : Histology and function of the nephron (brief idea)

Normal and abnormal constituents of urine.

Nervous and Muscular system : Brief outline of human brain structure.

Cranial nerves : Distribution and Function.Spinal cord – Structure and major functions, Reflex arc (types)

and reflex action : Conditional and unconditional reflexes.

Autonomic : sympathetic and parasympathetic (definition only) nervous system.

Synapse : Structure and mechanism of synaptic transmission.

Different types of muscles and their structure, properties of muscles

(i)Excitability (ii)Contractility (iii)All or none law (iv)Refractory period (v)Summation of stimuli

(vi)Tetanus (vii)Rigor mortis; Machanism of muscle contraction.

Endocrine system and animal hormones :

Definition of endocrine glands and hormones, functions of hormones released from (i)pituitary (ii)thyroid

(iii)pancreas (iv)adrenal (v)gastrointestinal gland, An outline mechanism of action of protein & steroid

hormones.

Causes and symptoms of Acromegaly,Diabetis insipidus, Diabetis mellitus, Goiter, Cushing’s disease.

Growth, Reproduction, and Ageing :

A. In Plants :

Different parts of a typical flower (China rose). Types of flower : regular and irregular, actinomorphic,

zygomorphic.Aestivation in Musaceae & Malvaceae.Floral formula : Definition, symbols used in floral

formulae in Musaceae (e.g. Banana) and Malvaceae (eg. China rose) ; Pollination – Definition, self and

cross pollination; Merits and demerits of self and cross pollination. Fertilization – Process of double

fertilization. Dispersal of fruits and seeds – Types with examples. Phases and factors of Growth, Differences

between growth and development, Abscission senescence, ageing and growth of seeding and the role of

gibberellic acid.

B. In Animals :

Primary and secondary sex organs and secondary sex characters – Testis – Histology, Functions of

Testosterone. Spermatogenesis (outline). Ovary – Histology : Functions of estrogen and progesterone;

Oogenesis (outline); structure of mature Graafian follicle .

Menstrual cycle (brief idea). Fertilization and Implantation.

Immunology : A brief idea of antigen and antibody. Elementary knowledge of inherited, acquired, humoral,

cell mediated immunity. Active and passive immunity. Prevention of AIDS and Hepatitis B.

Medical, Agricultural and Economic zoology:

A.Outline idea of diseases, their causative organism, mode of infection, symptoms and preventive measures

of :

(i) Malaria

(ii) Filariasis

(iii) Ascariaisis

Distinguishing features of Culex, Anopheles and Aedes

Life cycle and comparative study of Culex and Anopheles;

Causative agents of encephalitis and kalaazar and control of their vectors.

B. Characteristic features of major and minor carps and examples of exotic carps. Mechanism of induced

breeding – hypophysation.

Composite culture of carps, common diseases of carp – Gillrot, fin rot and Dropsy.

Definition of pest, Damage symptoms and control of Scirpophaga incertulus and Leptocorisa acuta.

C.Poultry – Types of poultry birds ; high yielding varieties of poultry birds. Species of honey bees in India

and different castes in a colony. Composition and uses of honey.

Chemical composition of silk, types of silk and silk worms.

Life cycles of mulberry silk worm. Structure of silk gland.

Symptoms of Flacherie, Muscardine, Grassarie and Pebrine.

Application of Biology :

Pesticides and Biological Pest Control – Benefit and hazards, Basic principles of ex situ and in situ

conservation. Red Data Book, Green Data Book.

Role of phytohormones in horticulture and agriculture.

Hybridization in plants – Definition and techniques.

Idea about plant cell and tissue culture – Micropropagation.

Principles and application of transgenic plants and animal, Test tube baby.

Biomedical engineering :

Application – ECG & EEG

Imaging – USG, CT Scan, X-ray,MRI

Therapeutic – Pacemaker, Dialyzer.

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West Bengal JEE Syllabus for Chemistry

WEST BENGAL JOINT ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS BOARD

SYLLABUS FOR JEM – 2009

CHEMISTRY

Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Arithmetic :

Dalton’s atomic theory; Gay Lussac’s law of gaseous volume; Avogadro’s Hypothesis and its applications.

Atomic mass; Molecular mass; Equivalent weight; Valency; Gram atomic weight; Gram molecular weight;

Gram equivalent weight and mole concept; Chemical formulae; Balanced chemical equations; Calculations

(based on mole concept) involving common oxidation-reduction, neutralization, and displacement reactions;

Concentration in terms of mole fraction, molarity, molality and normality.

Percentage composition, empirical formula and molecular formula; Numerical problems.

Atomic Structure

Concept of Nuclear Atom – electron, proton and neutron (charge and mass), atomic number; Rutherford’s

model and its limitations; Extra nuclear structure; Line spectra of hydrogen atom.

Quantization of energy (Planck’s equation E = hv); Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom and its limitations,

Sommerfelds modifications (elementary idea); The four quantum numbers, ground state electronic

configurations of many electron atoms and mono-atomic ions; The Aufbau Principle; Pauli’s Exclusion

Principle and Hund’s Rule.

Uncertainty principle; The concept of atomic orbitals, shapes of s, p and d orbitals (pictorial approach)

Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry

Radioactivity – α-, β-, γ-rays and their properties; Artificial transmutation; Rate of radioactive decay, decay

constant, half-life and average life period of radio-elements; Units of radioactivity; Numerical problems.

Stability of the atomic nucleus – effect of neutron–proton (n/p) ratio on the modes of decay, group

displacement law, radioisotopes and their uses (C, P, Co and I as examples) isobars and isotones (definition

and examples), elementary idea of nuclear fission and fusion reactions.

The Periodic Table and Chemical Families

Modern periodic law (based on atomic number); Modern periodic table based on electronic configurations,

groups (Gr. 1–18) and periods. Types of elements-representative (s-block and p-block), transition (d-block)

elements and inner transition (f-block / lanthanides and actinides) and their general characteristics. Periodic

trends in physical and chemical properties–atomic radii, valency, ionization energy, electron affinity,

electronegativity, metallic character, acidic and basic characters of oxides and hydrides of the representative

elements (up to Z = 36). Position of hydrogen and the noble gases in the periodic table; Diagonal

relationships.

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Valence electrons, the Octet rule, electrovalent, covalent and coordinate covalent bonds with examples;

Properties of electrovalent and covalent compounds. Limitations of Octet rule (examples); Fajan’s Rule.

Directionality of covalent bonds, shapes of poly-atomic molecules (examples); Concept of hybridization of

atomic orbitals (qualitative pictorial approach) : sp, sp2, sp3 and dsp2.

Molecular orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species – bond order and magnetic properties.

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) concept (elementary idea) – shapes of molecules. Concept

of resonance (elementary idea), resonance structures (examples). Elementary idea about electronegativity,

bond polarity and dipole moment, inter- and intra- molecular hydrogen bonding and its effects on physical

properties (mp, bp and solubility); Hydrogen bridge bonds in diborane.

Double salts and complex salts, co-ordination compounds (examples only), co-ordination number (examples

of co-ordination number 4 and 6 only).

Gaseous state

Measurable properties of gases. Boyle’s Law and Charles Law, absolute scale of temperature, kinetic theory

of gases, ideal gas equation – average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their relationship

with temperature.

Dalton’s Law of partial pressure, Graham’s Law of gaseous diffusion. Deviations from ideal behavior.

Liquefaction of gases, real gases, van der Waal’s equation; Numerical problems.

Chemical Energetics and Chemical Dynamics

Chemical Energetics – conservation of energy principle, energy changes in physical and chemical

transformations. First law of thermodynamics; Internal energy, work and heat, pressure-volume work;

Enthalpy. Internal energy change (ΔE) and Enthalpy change (ΔH) in a chemical reaction. Hess’s Law and its

applications (Numerical problems). Heat of reaction, fusion and vapourization; Second law of

thermodynamics; Entropy; Free energy; Criterion of spontaneity.

Chemical Equilibria – The Law of mass action, dynamic nature of chemical equilibria. Equilibrium

constants, Le Chatelier’s Principle. Equilibrium constants of gaseous reactions (Kp and Kc) and relation

between them (examples). Significance of ΔG and ΔG°.

Chemical Dynamics – Factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions (concentration, pressure,

temperature, catalyst). Arrhenius equation and concept of activation energy.

Order and molecularity (determination excluded); First order reactions, rate constant, half-life (numerical

problems), examples of first order and second order reactions.

Physical Chemistry of Solutions

Colloidal Solutions – differences from true solutions; Hydrophobic and hydrophilic colloids (examples and

uses); Coagulation and peptization of colloids; Dialysis and its applications; Brownian motion; Tyndall

effect and its applications; Elementary idea of emulsion, surfactant and micelle.

Electrolytic Solutions – Specific conductance, equivalent conductance, ionic conductance, Kohlrausch’s

law, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, applications. Numerical problems.

Non-electrolytic Solutions – Types of solution, vapour pressure of solutions. Raoult’s Law; Colligative

properties – lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic

pressure and their relationships with molecular mass (without derivations); Numerical problems.

Ionic and Redox Equilibria

Ionic equilibria – ionization of weak electrolytes, Ostwald’s dilution law. Ionization constants of weak

acids and bases, ionic product of water, the pH – scale, pH of aqueous solutions of acids and bases;

Buffer solutions, buffer action and Henderson equation.

Acid-base titrations, acid-base indicators (structures not required).

Solubility and Solubility Products.

Common ion effect (no numerical problems).

Redox Equilibria – Oxidation-Reduction reactions as electron transfer processes, oxidation numbers,

balancing of redox reactions by oxidation number and ion-electron methods.

Standard electrode potentials (E°), Electrochemical series, feasibility of a redox reaction.

Significance of Gibb’s equation : ΔG° = – nFΔE° (without derivation), no numerical problems.

Redox titrations with (examples); Nernst equations (Numerical problems).

Chemistry of Non-metallic Elements and their Compounds

Carbon – occurrence, isotopes, allotropes (graphite, diamond, fullerene); CO and CO2 production, properties

and uses.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus – occurrence, isotopes, allotopes, isolation from natural sources and purification,

reactivity of the free elements. Preparation, properties, reactions of NH3, PH3 , NO, NO2 , HNO2, HNO3,

P4O10, H3PO3 and H3PO4.

Oxygen and Sulfur – Occurrence, isotopes, allotropic forms, isolation from natural sources and purification,

properties and reactions of the free elements. Water, unusual properties of water, heavy water (production

and uses). Hydrogen peroxide and ozone (production, purification, properties and uses).

Halogen

Halogens – comparative study, occurrence, physical states and chemical reactivities of the free elements,

peculiarities of fluorine and iodine; Hydracids of halogens (preparation, properties, reactions and uses),

inter-halogen compounds (examples); Oxyacids of chlorine.

Chemistry of metals :

General principles of metallurgy – occurrence, concentration of ores, production and purification of metals,

mineral wealth of India.

Typical metals (Na, Ca, Al, Fe, Cu and Zn) – occurrence, extraction, purification (where applicable),

properties and reactions with air, water, acids and non-metals.

Manufacture of steels and alloy steel (Bessemer, Open-Hearth and L.D. process).

Principles of chemistry involved in electroplating, anodizing and galvanizing.

Chemistry in Industry

Large scale production (including physicochemical principles where applicable omitting technical details

and uses of individual items).

Heavy chemicals : Sulfuric acid (contact process), Ammonia (Haber’s process), Nitric acid (Ostwald’s

process), sodium bi-carbonate and sodium carbonate (Solvey process).

Polymers, Polythene, Nylon-66, rubber from natural source, vulcanization.

Electrochemicals – sodium hydroxide, chlorine, bleaching powder as by-products.

Fuel Gases – LPG, CNG.

Silicon carbide and silicones.

Environmental Chemistry

Common modes of pollution of air, water and soil. Ozone layer, ozone hole – important chemical reactions.

Green House effect; Smog; Pollution of water by domestic and industrial effluents; Pollutants–pesticides,

fertilizers and plastics.

Chemistry of carbon compounds

Hybridization of carbon – σ- and π-bonds.

Isomerism – constitutional and stereoisomerism; Geometrical and optical isomerism of compounds

containing upto two asymmetric carbon atoms. IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds–

hydrocarbons, mono and bifunctional molecules only (alicyclic and heterocyclic compounds excluded).

Conformations of ethane and n-butane (Newman projection only).

Electronic effects – inductive, resonance and hyperconjugation. Stability of carbocation, carbanion

and free radicals; Rearrangement of carbocation; Electrophiles and nucleophiles, tautomerism in β-

dicarbonyl compounds, acidity and basicity of simple organic compounds.

Aliphatic Compounds

Alkanes – Preparation from alkyl halides and carboxylic acids; Reactions – halogenation and

combustion.

Alkenes and Alkynes – Preparation by elimination of alcohols, alkyl halides and quaternary ammonium

hydroxides, Saytzeff and Hofmann rules; Reactions – electrophilic addition of X2, HX, HOX, H2O (X =

halogen), ozonolysis, epoxidation and oxidation with KMnO4, OsO4 (stereochemistry of addition excluded).

Markownikoff’s and anti-Markownikoff’s additions; Hydroboration; Oxymercuration – demercuration,

reduction of alkenes and alkynes (H2/Lindler catalyst and Na in liquid NH3), metal acetylides.

Alkyl halides – Preparation from alcohols; Formation of Grignard reagents and their synthetic applications

for the preparation of alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and acids; SN1 and SN2 reactions (preliminary

concept).

Alcohols – Preparation from carbonyl compounds and esters. Reaction – dehydration, oxidation,

esterification, reaction with sodium, ZnCl2 / HCl, phosphorous halides.

Ethers – Preparation by Williamson’s synthesis; Cleavage with HCl and HI.

Aldehydes and Ketones – Preparation from esters, acid chlorides, gem-dihalides, Ca-salt of carboxylic

acids. Reaction – Nucleophilic addition with HCN, hydrazine, hydroxyl amines, semi carbazides,

alcohols; Aldol condensation, Clemmensen and Wolff-Kishner reduction, haloform, Cannizzaro and

Wittig reactions.

Carboxylic Acids – Hydrolysis of esters (mechanism excluded) and cyanides; Hunsdicker and HVZ

reactions.

Aliphatic Amines – Preparation from nitro, cyano and amido compounds. Distinction of 1º, 2º and 3º amines

(Hinsberg method); Reaction with HNO2; Carbyl amine reaction.

Aromatic Compounds

Benzene – Kekule structure, aromaticity and Hückel rule. Electrophilic substitution – halogenation,

sulfonation, nitration, Friedel Crafts reaction, ozonolysis. Directive influence of substituents in

monosubstituted benzenes.

Amines – Preparation from reduction of nitro compounds; Formation of diazonium salts and their stability;

Replacement of diazonium group with H, OH, X (halogen), CN and NO2, diazocoupling and reduction.

Haloarenes – Nucleophilic substitution, cine substitution (excluding mechanism).

Phenols – halogenation, sulfonation, nitration, Reimer-Tiemann and Kolbe reactions.

Aromatic Aldehydes – Preparation by Gattermann, Gattermann – Koch, Rosenmund and Stephen’s

method. Reactions – Perkin, Benzoin and Cannizzaro.

Application Oriented chemistry

Main ingredients, their chemical natures (structures excluded) and their side effects, if any, of common

antiseptics, analgesics, antacids, vitamin-C.

Introduction to Bio-molecules

Carbohydrates – Pentoses and hexoses. Distinctive chemical reactions of glucose.

Aminoacids – glycine, alanine, aspartic acid, cysteine (structures). Zwitterion structures of amino acids,

peptide bond.

ADP and ATP – structures and role in bioenergetics; Nucleic acids – DNA and RNA skeleton structures.

Names of essential elements in biological system.

Principles of qualitative analysis

Detection of water soluble noninterfaring Acid and Basic Radicals by dry and wet tests from among :

(a) Acid Radicals : Cl-, S2-, SO4

2-, NO–

3, CO3

2-

(b) Basic Radicals: Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, NH4

+

Detection of special elements (N, Cl, Br, I and S) in organic compounds by chemical tests.

Identification of functional groups in : phenols, aromatic amines, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic

acids.

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