Kerala KEAM Biology Syllabus

BIOLOGY

UNIT 1 : DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD

Characters of Living organisms, Biosystematics, Binomial nomenclature (guidelines and merits), Taxonomic categories, Taxonomical Aids, Systems of classification – Two Kingdom and Five Kingdom classification –(brief description with emphasis on criteria, merits and demerits). Descriptive features of kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia; viruses, Viriods and Lichens.

UNIT 2 : PLANT KINGDOM

Brief description of Artificial, natural and phylogenetic classification.

2.1 PLANT GROUPS

Algae – Salient, comparative features of Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta with examples.

Bryophyta –General features with special mention on aquatic to terrestrial evolution, alternation of  generation of Liverworts and Mosses.

Pteridophytes – General features with examples

Gymnosperms – General features with examples

Angiosperms – Unique features with examples

Plant Life Cycle and alternation of generation

2.2 Morphology of Angiosperms

Morphological structures of root, stem and leaf, their structural and functional modifications with examples, Inflorescence – Racemose, Cymose, morphological characters of flower, fruit and seed.

2.3 Taxonomy of Angiosperms

Description of taxonomical types, families such as Fabaceae, Solanacea and Liliaceae with examples.

2.4 Anatomy of flowering plants

Tissue: Meristematic (Classification based on origin, position and plane of division); Permanent (Simple and complex types); Tissue systems (epidermal, ground and vascular); Anatomy of root and stem (primary structure) of monocot and dicot; Anatomy of leaf of monocot and dicot; Normal secondary growth of stem and root.

UNIT 3 : CELL AND CELL DIVISION

3.1 Cell as a basic unit of life; Cell theory; Cell as a self-contained unit, unicellularity and multicellularity, prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.

3.2 Ultra Structure: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, cell wall, cell membrane (Fluid Mosaic Model), membrane transport, description of cell organelles and their function (nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, cytoskeletal structures, cilia and flagella, centriole, ribosomes).

3.3 Biomolecules of cell: Inorganic and organic materials (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids – RNA, DNA), enzymes (properties, chemical nature and mechanism of action).

3.4 Cell cycle: Cell division, mitosis and meiosis – their significance.

UNIT 4 : PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANTS

4.1 Transport in plants –Means of transport (imbibition, diffusion, osmosis, plasmolysis, permeability, water potential), absorption and movement – active and passive. Transpiration: Mechanism of opening and closing of stomata, guttation, significance of transpiration. Uptake and transport of mineral nutrients.

4.2 Mineral nutrition:Functions of minerals, macro and micro elements, deficiency symptoms of elements. Toxicity of micronutrients, Nitrogen metabolism: Nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation, mechanism, synthesis of amino acids (reductive amination, transamination).

4.3 Photosynthesis: Significance, photosynthetic apparatus, functional aspects of chlorophyll structure, action spectra and absorption spectra. Mechanism: Photochemical phase, photo phosphorylation (cyclic and non cyclic electron transport system), chemiosmotic hypothesis, biosynthetic phase (C3, C4);Photorespiration and its mechanism; Factors affecting photosynthesis (Blackmann’s law of limiting factor).

4.4 Respiration: Significance, site of respiration, mechanism: Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, electron-transport system and oxidative phosphorylation, amphibolic pathway; Respiratory quotient; Anaerobic respiration, fermentation.

UNIT 5 : REPRODUCTION, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

5.1Modes of reproduction in flowering plants Vegetative propagation (natural and artificial), micropropagation, significance. Sexual reproduction: Development of male and female gametophytes, pollination types and factors, double fertilization, incompatibility; seed and fruit development, parthenogenesis and parthenocarpy,  polyembryonic.

5.2 Plant Growth

Characteristic features, measurement of growth, growth curve, growth rate, differentiation and growth regulators (phytohormones): auxins, gibberellins, cytokinines, ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA) and their role.photoperiodism and vernalisation.

UNIT 6 : ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

6.1 Organisms and population – Organism and its environment: Factors: biotic, abiotic (air, water, soil, temperature and light); responses to abiotic factors, adaptations, population, population attributes, population growth, Interactions, predation, competition, parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.

6.2 Ecosystem: Structure and function, productivity, decomposition, energy flow, ecological pyramids, ecological succession, nutrient cycling, brief descriptions of major biomes.

6.3 Environmental Issues: Sources of air, water, soil and noise pollution; Major pollutants, their effects and methods of control. Pollution due to radioactive substance, disposal of nuclear wastes. effect and control of radiation pollution, agrochemical and their effects, Green house effect and global warming, ozone depletion, deforestation.

UNIT 7 : BIOTECHNOLOGY

Principles of biotechnology, tools of recombinant DNA technology, process of recombinant DNA technology, biotechnological application in agriculture, genetically modified crops, biotechnological  applications in medicine, genetically engineered insulin, gene therapy, molecular diagnosis, transgenic animals and ethical issues.

UNIT 8 : ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LIFE

8.1 Origin of life, Big bang theory, various theories, panspermia, abiogenesis, chemical evolution – Oparin- Haldane Hypothesis, Harold Urey & Stanley Miller experiment, Theories of Evolution – Lamarckism, Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Character, Theory of Use and Disuse, Darvinism – Natural selection theory, Example of natural selection – Industrial Melanism, Geological timescale.

8.2 Evidences of Evolution – Palaentological, Morphological and Anatomical evidences of evolution

8.3 Population Genetics & Evolution – Hardy Weinberg’s Equilibrium, genetic drift, founder effect.

8.4 Adaptive radiation – Adaptive radiation of marsupials of Australia

8.5 Origin and Evolution of Man

UNIT 9 – ANIMAL KINGDOM

9.1 Salient features of different Phyla with examples, Grades of organization and body plan, body symmetry, germ layers (diploblastic & triploblastic organization), segmentation, coelom Phylum Porifera eg: Sycon, Leucosolenia, Spongilla Phylum Cnidaria eg: Hydra, Obelia, Physalia, Aurelia, Sea Anemone, Corals Phylum Ctenophora eg: pleurobrachia, etenoplana Phylum Playhelminthes eg.: Taenia, Fasciola, Planaria Phylum Aschelminthes eg: Ascaris, Rhabditis, Wuchereria, Ancylostoma Phylum Annelida eg: Nereis, Aphrodite, Pheretima, Hirudinaria Phylum Arthropoda eg: Honeybee, Silkworm, Lacinsect, Anophelus, Locus, Limulus Phylum Mollusca eg: Pila, Pinctada, Sepia, Loligo, Octopus, Aplysia, Deutalium, Chaetopleura Phylum Echinodermata eg: Asterias, Echinus, Antedon, Sea cucumber, Ophiura.

Phylum Hermichordata eg: Balanoglosus, Saccoglosus

Phylum Chordata – Urochordata eg: Ascidia, Salpa doliolum

Cephalochordata eg: Amphioxus

Vertebrata – Classification up to classes

Super class I. Agnatha. Class – Cyclostomata eg: Petromyzon and Myxine.

Super class II. Gnathostomata Class a – Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous fishes) eg: Scoliodon, Pristis,

carcharodon, Trygon.

Class b. Osteichthyes (Bony fishes) eg.: Exocoetus, Hippocampus, Rohu, Catla, Clarius, Betta,

Pterophyllum.

Class c. Amphibia – eg: Bufo, Rana, Hyla, Salamander, lchthyophis.

Class d. Reptilia eg: Chelone, Chameleon, Testudo, Hemidactylus, Calotes, Naja, Krait, Viper, Crocodile,

Alligator.

Class e. Aves – eg: Corvus, Columba, Psittacula, Struthio, Pavo, Penguin, Vulture.

Class f. Mammalia eg: Platypus, Kangaroo, Whale, Macaca, Panthera, Elephus, Horse, Rat, Dolphin, Cat,

Camel, Pteropus.

UNIT 10 : STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION OF THE BODY

10.1 Animal Morphology: External and internal morphology, Earthworm, Cockroach, Frog.

10.2 ANIMAL TISSUES – Definition, Types of tissues – Epithelial tissue – different types with examples,

specialized epithelial tissue with examples, Connective tissue with examples, Muscular tissue with

examples, Nervous tissue with examples, Structure and functions of these tissues.

UNIT 11 : GENETICS

11.1 Heredity and variation – Mendel’s experiments, Laws of Mendel, Chromosome theory of inheritance, Pattern of inheritance, Incomplete dominance, Codominane chromosomes, Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Chromosomes, Nucleosomes, Chromosome theory of inheritance, Concept of linkage and crossing over,Principle of gene mapping, sex linked inheritance, sex determination, sex limited and sex influenced inheritance, Mutation, Gene mutation, Chromosomal aberration, Polyploidy, aneuploidy and Euploidy, Mutation causing agents, Human Genetics, Pedigree Analysis, Genetic Disorders, Sickle cell anaemia, Phenylketonuria, Alzheimer’s disease, Down’s Syndrome, Klinefelter’s Syndrome.

11.2 Nature of Genetic Material: DNA and its structure, Different types of DNA, RNA and its structure, Experiments to prove genetic nature of DNA. DNA and Gene, DNA Replication, Gene expression- Gene and Protein, Biosynthesis of Protein, Genetic code, Regulation of Gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Human genome project and DNA finger printing

UNIT 12 : PHYSIOLOGY OF ANIMALS

12.1 Nutrition, Different types of nutrition, Different types of nutrients, Malnutrition, Under nutrition, Disorders related to nutrition. Digestion – Human digestive system, Structure of alimentary canal, Glands associated with alimentary canal, Different enzymes secreted by the alimentary canal, Functions of various enzymes, Role of various regions of alimentary canal in absorption, Process of ingestion and digestion, Mechanism of absorption and assimilation of digested food components.

12.2 Respiration – Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration, Mechanism of gas exchange, Human Respiratory system, Respiratory organs and mechanism involved in pulmonary respiration, Gas exchange and transport of respiratory gases, Respiratory pigments involved, Regulation of respiration, Respiratory disorders, Bronchitis, Bronchial Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational lung diseases, Causes of these disorders – symptoms, prevention and cure.

12.3 Circulation – composition of blood, structure and functions of different types of blood cells, Blood groups, Structure and working of heart, pulmonary, systemic and portal circulation, Pulse, heart beat and blood pressure, Rhythmicity of heart, Regulation of heart beat, Blood related disorders – hypertension, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, Electro cardio gram, Heart failure, Lymph and its functions.

12.4 Excretion – Definition, Different types of excretory organs – Skin, lungs and liver as excretory organs, Nitrogenous excretion, Different types of Nitrogenous excretion with examples, Ammenotelism, ureotelism and uricotelism, Excretory system in man, Structure of kidney, Composition and formation of urine, Role of Kidney in osmoregulation, Hormonal regulation of excretory system, Dialysis.

12.5 Locomotion and Movement -Human skeleton, Axial and appendicular skeleton, Joints, Types of joints with examples, Bone and cartilage, Structure of Bone and Cartilage, Disordres of bone and cartilage – Arthritis and Osteoporosis, Muscles, Different types of muscles, Structure of skeletal muscles, Mechanism of muscle contraction, Role of red and white muscles in movement, Role of muscles and bones in movement.

12.6 Nervous Co-ordination, Human nervous system, Morphology of functional subsystems of nervous system, Different types of nerve cells, Structure and functions of brain and spinal cord, Nerve impulse, Synapse, Transmission and conduction of nerve impulse, Reflex action, Reflex arc, Sensory receptors, Structure and functions of eye and ear.

12.7 Hormones, Different types of hormones, Hormones produced by human endocrine glands and their functions, Hormone imbalance and disorders, Role of hormones as messengers and regulators, Feed back control of various hormones. Mechanism of hormone action.

UNIT 13 : REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT IN ANIMALS

13.1 Reproduction, Different types of asexual reproduction with examples, Sexual reproduction, Reproductive organs, Structure and function of human male and female reproductive system, Reproductive cycle in human female, Gametogenesis, fertilization (Physical and chemical events), Development of zygote up to 3 germinal layers and their derivatives, Extra embryonic membranes, Structure and functions of placenta, parturition and lactation.

13.2 Reproductive health – Population explosion and birth control, Medical termination of pregnancy, sexually transmittable diseases, Infertility.

UNIT 14 : BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

Biodiversity definition, Significance of biodiversity, Magnitude of biodiversity, Levels of biodiversity, gradients of biodiversity, Uses of biodiversity, Threats of biodiversity, Endangered species, Extinction, Causes of extinction, Conservation of biodiversity, protected areas, National and International efforts,Role of Governmental and  non-governmental organizations in conservation of bio-diversity, Environmental ethics, Responsibility of individual in biodiversity conservation.

UNIT 15 : BIOLOGY IN HUMAN WELFARE

15.1 Human Health and Diseases – common diseases in humans – Typhoid, pneumonia, common cold,malaria, amoebiasis, ascariasis, elephantiasis. Immunity – innated and acquired, active and passive immunity, vaccination and immunization, allergies, autoimmunity, immune system in the body, AIDS,cancer, drugs and alcohol abuse, common problems of adolescence, Social and moral implications, Problems associated with drugs, smoking and alcoholism, prevention and control.

15.2 Strategies for enhancement in food production, Animal husbandary, dairy farming, poultry farming,animal breeding, bee keeping, pisciculture, plant breeding, breeding for disease resistance and tissue culture, single cell protein.

15.3 Microbes in human welfare – Microbes in household projects, microbes in industrial products, fermented beverages, antibiotics, chemicals, enzymes and other bioactive molecules – microbes in sewage treatment, microbes in production of biogas, microbes as biocontrol agents and microbes as biofertilizers.

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admin Engineering Entrance, MBBS Entrance, State Entrance Exams Kerala KEAM Biology Syllabus.

Kerala KEAM Chemistry Syllabus

CHEMISTRY

UNIT 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Laws of chemical combination: Law of conservation of mass. Law of definite proportion. Law of multiple proportions. Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes. Dalton’s atomic theory. Mole concept. Atomic,molecular and molar masses. Chemical equations. Balancing and calculation based on chemical equations.

Atomic structure: Fundamental particles. Rutherford model of atom. Nature of electromagnetic radiation. Emission spectrum of hydrogen atom. Bohr model of hydrogen atom. Drawbacks of Bohr model.Dual nature of matter and radiation. de Broglie relation. Uncertainty principle. Wave function (mention only). Atomic orbitals and their shapes (s, p and d orbitals only). Quantum numbers. Electronic configurations of elements. Pauli’s exclusion principle. Hund’s rule. Aufbau principle.

UNIT 2: BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

Kossel and Lewis approach of bonding. Ionic bond, covalent character of ionic bond, Lattice energy. Born-Haber cycle. Covalent bond. Lewis structure of covalent bond. Concept of orbital overlap. VSEPR theory and geometry of molecules. Polarity of covalent bond. Valence bond theory and hybridization (sp,sp2, sp3, dsp2, d2sp3 and sp3d2). Resonance. Molecular orbital method. Bond order. Molecular orbital diagrams of homodiatomic molecules. Bond strength and magnetic behaviour. Hydrogen bond. Coordinate bond. Metallic bond.

UNIT 3: STATES OF MATTER

Gaseous state: Boyle’s law. Charles’ law. Avogadro’s hypothesis. Graham’s law of diffusion. Absolute scale of temperature. Ideal gas equation. Gas constant and its values. Dalton’s law of partial pressure. Aqueous tension. Kinetic theory of gases. Deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour. Inter molecular interaction, van der Waals equation. Liquefaction of gases. Critical temperature.

Liquid state: Properties of liquids. Vapour pressure and boiling point. Surface tension. Viscosity.

Solid state: Types of solids (ionic, covalent and molecular). Space lattice an unit cells. Cubic crystal systems. Close packing. Different voids (tetrahedral and octahedral only). Density calculations. Point defects (Frenkel and Schottky). Electrical properties of solids. Conductors, semiconductors and insulators. Piezoelectric and pyroelectric crystals. Magnetic properties of solids. Diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic substances.

UNIT 4: PERIODIC PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS AND HYDROGEN

Classification of elements: Mendeleev’s periodic table. Atomic number and modern periodic law. Long form of periodic table. Electronic configurations of elements and their position in the periodic table. Classification into s-, p-, d- and f-block elements.

Periodic properties: Ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radii, valence and electro negativity.

Hydrogen: Position in the periodic table, occurrence, isolation, preparation (including commercial), properties, reactions and uses. Isotopes of hydrogen. Hydrides: Molecular, saline and interstitial hydrides.

Water: Structure of water molecule and its aggregates. Physical and chemical properties of water. Hard and soft water. Removal of hardness. Preparation and uses of heavy water: Liquid hydrogen as fuel.

UNIT 5: S-BLOCK ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF METALLURGY

Alkali metals: Occurrence, electronic configuration, trends in atomic and physical properties (ionization energy, atomic radii and ionic radii), electrode potential, and reactions with oxygen, hydrogen, halogens and liquid ammonia. Oxides, hydroxides and halides.

Alkaline earth metals: Occurrence, electronic configuration, trends in atomic and physical properties, electrode potential, and reactions with oxygen, hydrogen and halogens. Oxides, hydroxides, halides and sulphides. Anomalous properties of lithium and beryllium.

Compounds of s-block elements: Large scale preparation of NaOH and Na2CO3, their properties and uses. Preparation and properties of CaO, Ca(OH)2, Plaster of Paris and MgSO4. Industrial uses of lime, limestone and cement.

Principles of metallurgy: Occurrence of metals. Concentration of ores. General principles of extraction of metals from ore. Thermodynamic and electro chemical principles of metallurgy. Refining of metals. Extraction of zinc, aluminium, iron and copper.

UNIT 6: P-BLOCK ELEMENTS

General characteristics of p-block elements: atomic and physical properties. Oxidation states. Trends in

chemical reactivity of Groups 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 elements.

Boron:Occurrence, isolation, physical and chemical properties. Borax and boric acid. Boron hydrides. Structure of diborane. Uses of boron and its compounds.

Carbon: Allotropes, properties, Oxides of Carbon.

Nitrogen: Terrestrial abundance and distribution, isolation, properties and chemical reactivity.

Ammonia: Haber process of manufacture, properties and uses.

Nitric acid: Ostwald process of manufacture and important uses.

Oxides of nitrogen: Preparation and structures (skeletal only).

Oxygen: Terrestrial abundance, isolation, properties and chemical reactivity.

Oxides: Acidic, basic and amphoteric oxides. Preparation, structure, properties and uses of ozone and hydrogen peroxide.

Silica: Different forms and uses. Structures of silicates. Silicones, Zeolites, Uses of Silicon Tetra Chloride.

Phosphorus: Production, allotropes and phosphine. Preparation and structures of PCl3 , PCl5, oxyacids of

phosphorus. Comparison of halides and hydrides of Group 15 elements.

Sulphur: Production, allotropes, oxides and halides, Oxoacids of Sulphur (structure only).

Sulphuric acid: Manufacture, properties and uses. Comparison of oxides, halides and hydrides of Group 17 elements, Oxoacids of halogens (structure only), hydrides and oxides of chlorine. Interhalogen compounds.

Group 18 elements: Occurrence, isolation, atomic and physical properties, uses.

Compounds of xenon: Preparation of fluorides and oxides, and their reactions with water.

UNIT 7: D-BLOCK AND F-BLOCK ELEMENTS

d-Block elements: Electronic configuration and general characteristics. Metallic properties, ionization energy, electrode potential, oxidation states, ionic radii, catalytic properties, coloured ions, complex formation, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds and alloys. Preparation and properties of KMnO4 ,K2Cr2O7 .

f-Block elements: Lanthanides: Occurrence, electronic configuration and oxidation states. Lanthanide

contraction. Uses.

Actinides: Occurrence, electronic configuration and comparison with lanthanides.

UNIT 8: THERMODYNAMICS

System and surrounding: Types of systems. Types of processes. Intensive and extensive properties. State functions and path functions. Reversible and irreversible processes.

First law of thermodynamics:

Internal energy and enthalpy. Application of first law of thermodynamics. Enthalpy changes during phase transition. Enthalpy changes in chemical reactions. Standard enthalpy of formation. Hess’s law of constant heat summation and numerical problems. Heat capacity and specific heat.

Second law of thermodynamics: Entropy and Gibbs free energy. Free energy change and chemical equilibrium. Criteria for spontaneity.

UNIT 9: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Physical and chemical equilibria: Dynamic nature of equilibrium. Equilibria involving physical changes (solid-liquid, liquid-gas, dissolution of solids in liquids and dissolution of gases in liquids). General characteristics of equilibria involving physical processes.

Equilibria involving chemical systems: Law of chemical equilibrium. Magnitude of equilibrium constant. Numerical problems. Effect of changing conditions of systems at equilibrium (changes of concentration, temperature and pressure). Effect of catalyst. The Le Chatelier principle and its applications. Relationship between Kp and Kc. Ionic

equilibrium. Ionization of weak and strong electrolytes.

Concepts of acids and bases: Those of Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis. Acid-base equilibrium. Ionization of water. pH scale. Salt hydrolysis. Solubility product. Common ion effect. Buffer action and buffer solutions.

UNIT 10: SOLUTIONS

Types of solutions: Different concentration terms (normality, molarity, molality, mole fraction and mass percentage). Solubility of gases and solids. Vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult’s law. Deviation from Raoult’s law. Colligative properties: Lowering of vapour pressure, elevation in boiling point, depression in freezing point and osmotic pressure. Ideal and non-ideal solutions. Determination of molecular mass. Abnormal molecular mass. The van’t Hoff factor and related numerical problems.

UNIT 11: REDOX REACTIONS AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Oxidation and reduction: Electron transfer concept. Oxidation number. Balancing equations of redox reactions: Oxidation number method and ion electron method (half reaction method).

Faraday’s laws of electrolysis: Quantitative aspects. Electrolytic conduction. Conductance. Molar conductance. Kohlrausch’s law and its applications. Electrode potential and electromotive force (e.m.f.). Reference electrode (SHE only). Electrolytic and Galvanic cells. Daniel cell. The Nernst equation. Free energy and e.m.f. Primary and secondary cells. Fuel cell (H2-O2 only).

Corrosion and its prevention:

Electrochemical theory of rusting of iron. Methods of prevention of corrosion. Galvanization and cathodic protection.

UNIT 12: CHEMICAL KINETICS

Rate of reaction. Average and instantaneous rates. Rate expressions. Rate constant. Rate law. Order and molecularity. Integrated rate law expressions for zero and first order reactions and their derivations. Units of rate constant. Half life period. Temperature dependence of rate constant. Arrhenius equation. Activation energy, Collision Theory (Elementary theory) and related numerical problems. Elementary and complex reactions with examples.

UNIT 13: SURFACE CHEMISTRY

Adsorption: Physical and chemical adsorption. Factors affecting adsorption. Effect of pressure.Freundlisch adsorption isotherm. Catalysis. Enzymes. Zeolites.

Colloids: Colloids and suspensions.Dispersion medium and dispersed phase. Types of colloids: Lyophobic, lyophilic, multimolecular,macromolecular and associated colloids. Preparation, properties and protection of colloids. Gold number.Hardy Schulze rule. Emulsions.

UNIT 14: COORDINATION COMPOUNDS AND ORGANOMETALLICS

Ligand. Coordination number. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds mononuclear, Isomerism in coordination compounds. Geometrical, optical and structural isomerism. Bonding in coordination compounds. Werner’s coordination theory. Valence bond approach. Hybridization and geometry.Magnetic properties of octahedral, tetrahedral and square planar complexes. Introduction to crystal field theory. Splitting of d orbitals in octahedral and tetrahedral fields (qualitative only). Importance of coordination compounds in qualitative analysis and biological systems such as chlorophyll, hemoglobin and vitamin B12 (structures not included).

UNIT 15: BASIC PRINCIPLES, PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Distinction between organic and inorganic compounds. Tetra valence of carbon. Catenation. Hybridization (sp, sp2 and sp3). Shapes of simple molecules. General introduction to naming of organic compounds.

Trivial names and IUPAC nomenclature. Illustrations with examples. Structural isomerism. Examples of functional groups containing oxygen, hydrogen, sulphur and halogens.

Purification of carbon compounds:

Filtration, crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography (column and paper only). Qualitative analysis: Detection of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and halogens.

Quantitative analysis: Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens (principles only), and related numerical problems. Calculation of empirical and molecular formulae.

UNIT 16: HYDROCARBONS

Classification of hydrocarbons. Alkanes and cycloalkanes: Nomenclature and conformation of ethane.3D structures and 2D projections (Sawhorse and Newman).

Alkenes and alkynes: Nomenclature.Geometrical isomerism in alkenes. Stability of alkenes. General methods of preparation. Physical and chemical properties. Markownikoff’s rule. Peroxide effect. Acidic character of alkynes. Polymerization reactions of dienes.

Aromatic hydrocarbons: Nomenclature. Isomerism. Benzene and its homologues. Structure of Benzene.Resonance. Delocalisation in benzene. Concept of aromaticity (an elementary idea). Chemical reactions of benzene. Polynuclear hydrocarbons and their toxicity.

UNIT 17: ORGANIC REACTION MECHANISM

Electronic displacement in a covalent bond: Inductive, electromeric, resonance and hyperconjugation effects. Fission of a covalent bond. Free radicals, electrophiles, nucleophiles, carbocations and carbanions.

Common types of organic reactions: Substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement reactions. Illustrations with examples. Mechanism of electrophilic addition reactions in alkenes. Concept of delocalisation of electrons. Mechanism of electrophilic substitution reactions. Directive influence of substituents and their effect on reactivity (in benzene ring only).

UNIT 18: STEREOCHEMISTRY

Stereoisomerism: Geometrical isomerism and optical isomerism. Specific rotation. Chirality and chiral objects. Chiral molecules. Configuration and Fischer projections. Asymmetric carbon. Elements of symmetry. Compounds containing one chiral center. Enantiomers. Racemic form. Racemization.Compounds containing two chiral centers. Diastereo isomers. Meso form. Resolution.

UNIT 19: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH FUNCTIONAL GROUPS CONTAINING HALOGENS

Haloalkanes and haloarenes: Nomenclature and general methods of preparation. Physical properties. Nature of C-X bond in haloalkanes and haloarenes. Chemical properties and uses of chloromethane and chlorobenzene.

Polyhalogen compounds: Preparation and properties of chloroform and iodoform. Uses of some commercially important compounds (chloroform, iodoform, DDT, BHC and freon).

UNIT 20: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH FUNCTIONAL GROUPS CONTAINING OXYGEN

Alcohols: Nomenclature. Important methods of preparation (from aldehydes, ketones, alkyl halides and hydration of alkenes). Manufacture of ethanol from molasses. Physical and chemical properties. Reactions with alkali metals and acids. Formation of alkenes, ethers and esters. Reactions with PX3 , PX5, SOCl2.Oxidation of alcohols. Dehydrogenation.

Phenols: Nomenclature. Preparation of phenol (from sodium benzenesulphonate, benzene diazoniumchloride and chlorobenzene). Physical and chemical properties of phenol. Acidity of phenol.Action of phenol with FeCl3. Bromination, sulphonation and nitration of phenol.

Ethers: Nomenclature. Methods of preparation (from alcohols and alkyl halides). Williamson’s synthesis. Physical and chemical properties. Formation of peroxides. Actions with HI, HF and H2SO4.

Some commercially important compounds: Methanol, ethanol (fermentation).

Aldehydes and ketones: Nomenclature. Electronic structure of carbonyl group. Methods of preparation (from alcohols, acid chlorides, ozonolysis of alkenes and hydration of alkynes). Friedel-Crafts acylation for acetophenone. General properties (physical and chemical) of aldehydes and ketones. Formation of paraldehyde and metaldehyde. Addition of NaHSO3, NH3 and its derivatives, Grignard reagent, HCN and alcohols. Oxidation reactions with Tollen’s reagent and Fehling’s solution. Oxidation of ketones. Reduction with LiAlH4. Clemmensen reduction. Wolff- Kischner reduction. Aldol condensation. Cannizzaro reaction.

Carboxylic acid: Nomenclature. Electronic structure of –COOH. Methods of Preparation (from alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, alkyl benzenesand hydrolysis of cyanide). Physical properties. Effects of substituents on acid strength. Chemical reactions.

UNIT 21: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH FUNCTIONAL GROUPS CONTAINING NITROGEN

Amines: Nomenclature. Primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Methods of preparation. Physical properties. Basic nature. Chemical reaction. Separation of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Cyanides and isocyanides. Diazonium salts. Preparation and chemical reactions of benzene diazoniumchloride in synthetic organic chemistry.

UNIT 22: POLYMERS AND BIOMOLECULES

Polymers: Classification. Addition and condensation polymerization. Copolymerization. Natural rubber and vulcanization. Synthetic rubbers. Condensation polymers. Biopolymers. Biodegradable polymers. Some commercially important polymers: Polyethene, polystyrene, PVC, Teflon, PAN, BUNA-N, BUNA-S, neoprene, Terylene, glyptal, nylon-6, nylon-66 and Bakelite.

Biomolecules: Classification of carbohydrates. Structure and properties of glucose.

Reducing and nonreducing sugars: Properties of sucrose, maltose and lactose (structures not included).

Polysaccharides:Properties of starch and cellulose.

Proteins: Amino acids. Zwitterions. Peptide bond. Polypeptides.Primary, secondary and tertiary structures of protein. Denaturation of proteins. Enzymes. Nucleic acids. Types of nucleic acids. DNA and RNA, and their chemical composition. Primary structure of DNA. Double helix.

Vitamins: Classification and functions in biosystems.

UNIT 23: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY AND CHEMISTRY IN EVERY DAY LIFE

Soil, water and air pollutions. Ozone layer. Smog. Acid rain. Green house effect and global warming.Industrial air pollution. Importance of green chemistry. Chemicals in medicine and health care. Drug-target interaction, Analgesics, tranquillizers, antiseptics, antacids, antihistamines, antibiotics, disinfectants, antifertility drugs, chemicals in food, preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, antioxidants and edible colours, cleansing agents, soaps and synthetic detergents, antimicrobials.

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Kerala KEAM 2010 Dates and Notification

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KERALA MBBS ENTRANCE EXAM SOLVED QUESTION PAPERS AND TEST PREPARATION CD

admin Engineering Entrance, MBBS Entrance, State Entrance Exams KEAM Chemistry Entrance Exam

Kerala KEAM Physics Syllabus

PHYSICS

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION AND MEASUREMENT

Physics – Scope and excitement; Physics in relation to science, society and technology – inventions, names

of scientists and their fields, nobel prize winners and topics, current developments in physical sciences

and related technology. Units for measurement – systems of units, S .I units, conversion from other

systems to S.I units. Fundamental and derived units. Measurement of length, mass and time, least count

in measuring instruments (eg. vernier calipers, screw gauge etc), Dimensional analysis and applications,

order of magnitude, accuracy and errors in measurement, random and instrumental errors, significant

figures and rounding off principles.

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KEAM Entrance Exam Syllabus

Given Below is the Syllabus for KEAM 2010 Entrance Exam

KEAM Mathematics Syllabus

KEAM  Physics Syllabus

KEAM  Chemistry Syllabus

KEAM  Biology Syllabus

Kerala KEAM 2010 Dates and Notification

KERALA ENGINEERING ENTRANCE EXAM SOLVED QUESTION PAPERS AND TEST PREPARATION CD

KERALA MBBS ENTRANCE EXAM SOLVED QUESTION PAPERS AND TEST PREPARATION CD

admin Engineering Entrance, MBBS Entrance, State Entrance Exams KEAM Entrance Test

Karnataka PGCET Exam Syllabus for Textile Technology

Post Graduate Common Entrance Test – 2009

(PGCET – 2009) for admission to M.E/M.Tech/M.Arch course in Karnataka

Visvesvaraya Technological University

“Jnana Sangma”‘  Machhe, Belgaum 590 014

Karnataka

TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY

Syllabus

Textile Fibres: Classification of Polymers-Application of Polymer-Study of Various methods of polymerization –Study of various types of initiators –Techniques of polymerization –Physical structure of polymers-Polymer reactions-Thermal analysis of polymers; Study of different structures of textile fibres using various techniques-Study of different properties of various textiles fibres i.e., moisture relations, mechanical properties optical properties, electrical properties and thermal properties; History on origin of textiles – Study of different textiles fibres-Basic requirements of textile fibres Geographic distribution-Cultivation and grading of cotton, wool, silk and jute fibres –Physical and chemical properties of important natural fibres; Sequence of operations in conversion of important natural fibres into fabric; Study of different man-made fibre spinning –Fundamentals of fluid flow in man –made fibre spinning-High speed melt spinning-Formation of fibre structure during various methods of man –made spinning-Production of micro denier and special shaped fibres; Production and Properties of various regenerated fibres-Production of various raw materials for different synthetic fibres –Properties of different synthetic fibres-Effect of various parameters on various synthetic fibres-Study of semi-continuous and integrated continuous  process for production of Nylons; Study  of different high performance fibres; Study of spin finish –heat setting and drawing of fibres; Study of different methods of textursing and various parameters affecting texturising –Test methods of textured yarns; Study of different yarn count systems-conversion from one system to another system.

Yarn Manufacture: Ginning and Baling:

Blow room: Objects and methods of mixing –Opening and cleaning- Blow room machineries cleaning efficiency –Lap regularity –Modern developments –Auto mixer and calculations pertaining to blow room.

Carding: Objects –Working –Speeds and Setting –Grinding and stripping –Silver quality –Modern developments in carding-Calculations related to carding –Fibre hooks at card –Opening lines required for processing of various blends.

Drawing: Objects and Principles –Roller drafting systems –Modern developments –Calculations pertaining to draw frame.

Combing: Hook formation in carding –Study pf preparatory machines to comber –Combing process-Setting –Modern –Combers –Calculations pertaining to comber.

Speed Frame : Objects –working and drafting systems –Twist insertion –Mechanism of winding –Lift of bobbin-Bobbin building mechanism –Speeds and production calculations-Modern speed frames.

Ring Frame: Objects-Working and ring frame mechanisms-Yarns tension during spinning a yarn and package faults –modern developments- calculations pertaining to ring frame.

Doubling: Objects – Dry doubling and wet doubling – Fancy yarns – Hosiery and seing threads  – Properties and end uses.

Open End Spinning: Principles of Break spinning – Comparison of ring and OE yarns – Recent developments in OE spinning – Different types of rotors and opening rollers.

Modern Yarn Production Methods: Twist less spinning – Self twist spinning – Wrap spinning – Friction spinning and air-jet spinning – Comparison of the above methods for their  principles and yarn properties – end used and techno-econmics feasibility – Siro, core and cover spinning methods.

Fabric Manufacture

Winding: Objects – Derivation of speeds – coil angles – Cone angle – Study of modern winders Production Calculations

Warping: Objects – Study of modern warping machines – Production calculations.

Sizing: Study of ingredients – Properties – Modern size cooking equipments – Modern sizing machine – Production calculations.

Looms: Study of Plain tappet tappet loom – Automatic looms – Drop box looms – Dobby and jacquard looms – Production calculations.

Unconventional Weaving Machine: Study of Gripper – Rapier – Air jet – water jet machines.

Non Wovens: Classification  – Web productions techniques – Properties of Binders – Geometry of  Non woven structures Identification and testing of Non wovens – Study of thermal, spun bonding and spun lacing.

Knitting:  Weft Basic stitches – Jersey – Rid – Purl – Interlock – Warp Basci Stitches – Pillar – Atlas – Tricot – Study of circular weft knitting machines – Advantages of positive feed – Study of warp knitting machines – Tricot and Raschel.

Chemical Processing Of Textiles

Pre-process: Preparatory processes to wet processing; An overview of wet processing  – Sequences of wet processing – Desizing – Methods of desizing – Singeing – Methods of singeing – Batching – Souring – Bleaching – Mercerizing; Methods of purifying fibre yarn and Fabric made from other natural fibre like silk, wool, jute etc.; Methods of desizing – Scouring and Bleaching of regenerated cellulose fibre.

Dyeing: Coloration – Theories of coloration / dyeing – Factors that affect Dyeing Mechanism of dyeing – Mechanism used for dyeing – Classification of dyes – Dyeing of Natural fibres using direct, reactive, acid, metal complex, yat, sulphur, Ingrain dyes and other popular dyes using different methods – After treatments and testing o dyed materials – Yarn package dyeing – Dyeing of knitted fabrics – Dyeing of garments.

Printing: Design development for printing – Sources of inspection – the designers tools and work space – Different techniques for design generation and reproduction – Transfer of designs on wooden blocks, Screen and Stencil – Scope of printing – Methods and principles of printing – Machineries used for Textile printing – Passage of material through printing machines.

Finishing:Objects of finishing – Various methods of finishing – Cotton, Silk, Wool, worsted fabric – Chemicals formulation of different finishes – Machiners used for finishing – Speciality chemicals used for finishing – Finishing of Garments.

Textile Testing

Fbires: Regain – Length – Fineness – Maturity – Strength – their determination – HVI and AFIS.

Yarn: Yarn count – Twist – Strength – Hairiness – Uniformity – and their determination.

Fabrics: Fabric weight – Thickness – Cover – Tear – Abrasion – Drape – Crease – Colour fastness – their determination. Fabric Handle – KESF and FAST

Silk Technology

Cocoons: Sorting of cocoons, cocoon testing, storage of cocoons, stifling of cocoons, Drying of cocoons  cooking of cocoons. Methods employed – Characteristics of cocoons.

Reeling: Methods of Silk Reeling – Charakha – Cottage basins – Filatures – Semi – automatic an Automatic types.

Raw Silk  testing – Packing of raw silk – Utilization of by –products.

Silk Throwing: Manufacture of yarns for use in ordinary, chiffon, crepe, georgette fabrics – Number of plies and different twist levels used.  Developments in Silk Throwing Industry.

Weaving Industry: Warp and Weft preparation – Machineries employed in small scale and organized sections.  Silk Weaving – Handloom and Power loow Weaving – Special features of silk looms – modifications required on power loom to weave silk fabrics.

Spun Silk Industry: Raw materials for Spun Silk Yarn Production, Production of  Spun yarn and  their properties.

Processing Industry: Degumming and drying of silk yarns – Dyeing, Printing and Finishing of silk fabrics.

Fabric Structure: Study of plain – Twill – Stain – Crepe – Mockleno and Towelling structures.  Backed cloths – Extra wrap and Extra Weft cloths – Double cloth Terry weaves -  Velvet – Velveteens – Gauge and Leno – Damask Brocade cloths.+

Fashion Design and Garment Technology

Terms and Definitions used in Fashion and Garment Industries – The art and Techniques of Body measurements and standard sizes and measurements prevalent in Garment industries.

Principles and Practices of Pattern making – Grading – Computer Aided pattern making and Grading – Cutting room operation – Laying – Cutting – Numbering – Bundling – Sewing operation – Classes of seams and stitches – Sewing threads – Defects is sewing; Garment Finishing section – Buttoning – Labelling – Care labeling – Checking – Pressing – Folding – packing and packing standards. Quality control in garment Industry – Garments washing – dyeing and finishing. Brand culture and Apparel brand names.  Sourcing and Merchandising – Apparel Engineering and Production Control.

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admin Common Entrance Test CET, Post Graduate Entrance Exam, State Entrance Exams Karnataka PGCET

Karnataka PGCET Exam Syllabus for Polymer Science and Technology

Post Graduate Common Entrance Test – 2009

(PGCET – 2009) for admission to M.E/M.Tech/M.Arch course in Karnataka

Visvesvaraya Technological University

“Jnana Sangma”‘  Machhe, Belgaum 590 014

Karnataka

Polymer Science  and Technology

Syllabus

Eligibility:

B.E. / B.Tech. in Polymer tech., Rubber Tech./ Plastics  Tech. / Chemical Engg. /  Mechanical  Engg. / I&P. / Textile. /   Fiber technology or AMIE (Chemical Engineering)

Subjects / Topics  from which questions are to be set

1. Fluid mechanics and statics: Types of fluids – shear stress and velocity gradient relation, Newtonian and non-newtonian fluids,  laminar and turbulent flow .  Flow in bouondary layers, Reynolds number, Bernoulli equations, Variation of pressure with height – hydrostatic equilibrium, Barometric equation, Measurement of fluid pressure – monometers

2.Chemical process calculations : Concept of mole, Mole fraction, Compositions of mixtures of solids, liquids and gases. Ideal gas law calculations, general material balance equation for steady  state.

3.Chemical engineering thermodynamics: Basic concepts - System, Surrounding and processes, Closed and Open systems, State and Properties, Intensive and Extensive Properties, State and Path functions,  General statement of first law of thermodynamics, First law for cyclic process, P-V-T behaviour of pure fluids, equations of state and ideal gas law, Processes involving ideal gas law; Constant volume, constant pressure, constant temperature,.  Van-der Waals equation,

4. Heat and mass transfer Modes of heat transfer, unilayer and multiplayer condition, forced and natural convection,  Introduction to molecular diffusion, in gases and liquids,  theories of mass transfer, principles  and  types of distillations

5. Polymer science: Classification of  polymers, Definition of polymerization,  , Chain   polymerization  (free  radical,  ionic  and  co-ordination  polymerizations), Step (condensation) polymerization, copolymerization Methods of Polymerization (bulk, solution, Suspension, Emulsion,)

6.Polymerization kinetics: Definition of reaction  rate,  order, molecularity,  different  theories of reaction  rate,  activation energy, kinetic expressions for simple first order & second order chemical reactions, kinetics of linear step  reaction  polymerization, kinetics  of  addition polymerization initiated by  free  radical initiator:    steady state  assumption,

7. Processing Technology: Extrusion, Injection moulding, blow moulding Compression moulding. rotational moulding, thermoforming, Calendering. 

8.Polymer manufacturing : Industrial production methods  of HDPE, LDPE,  PP, PS, PVC, PMMA,   Nylon 6 and Nylon 66

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Karnataka PGCET Exam Syllabus for Mechanical Science

Post Graduate Common Entrance Test – 2009

(PGCET – 2009) for admission to M.E/M.Tech/M.Arch course in Karnataka

Visvesvaraya Technological University

“Jnana Sangma”‘  Machhe, Belgaum 590 014

Karnataka

MECHANICAL SCIENCE

Note:-

1) Part-A  Common to AUTO/IEM/IP/ME/MNF & Carrying 60%  weightage.

2) Part-B Syllabus is different for different disciplines & Carrying 40% weightage.

3) Candidate has to answer Part – B, pertaining to their basic degree, which carries 40% weightage along with Part – A which is common to AUTO/IEM/IP/ME/MNF

PART-A Common to AUTO/IEM/IP/ME/MNF

PART – A

1. Engineering Mathematics: Linear Algebra: Matrices, System of Linear Equations, Eigen values and Eigen vectors; Calculus: Taylor’s Series, Partial Derivatives, Total Derivatives, Definite Integrals; Differential Equations: Linear Ordinary Differential Equations, First Order Non Linear Ordinary Differential Equations, Initial and Boundary Value Problems, Laplace Transformation, Partial Differential Equations; Numerical Methods: System of Linear Equations, Jacobi, Gauss Siedel and Crout’s methods, Runge Kutta and Newton – Raphson methods; Probability and Statistics: Gaussian and Weibul distribution and prop erties, Method of Least Squares, Regression Analysis, Analysis of Variance.

2.  Engineering Materials: Structure and properties of engineering materials, Heat treatment, composite materials and their applications.

3.  Engineering Mechanics: Free body concepts, Equations of Equilibrium, Centroids and Moment of inertia.

4.  Strength Of Materials: Stress and Strains, Elastic Constants, Principal Stresses, Maximum Shear Stress, Shear Force and Bending Moment diagrams, Stresses in Beams, Deflection of Beams, Torsion, Columns and Struts.

5. Fluid Mechanics: Fluid properties, fluid statics, Manometry, Buoyancy, Conservation laws, Euler’s equation, Bernoulli’s equation, Viscous flow of incompressible fluids, Laminar and Turbulent flows, Flow through pipes, Dimensional analysis.

6.  Thermodynamics: Laws of thermodynamics, internal energy, enthalpy and entropy, Thermodynamic processes, Heat and work, Irreversibility and availability, perfect gas, properties of pure substances.  Air standard and fuel air cycles.  IC engines and Gas turbines, centrifugal and axial flow compressors, Basic concepts of Jet propulsion.

7.   Theory Of Machines :  Analysis of planar mechanisms, Dynamic analysis of Slider-Crank mechanism.   Cams and followers. Kinematics of Gears, Governors and flywheels, Balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses. Free and Forced vibrations of single degree freedom systems. Effect of damping, Transmissibility, Vibration Isolation, Critical speed of shafts.

8.   Design Of Machine Elements: Material and manufacturing considerations, Design of Shafts, keys, couplings, bolted, riveted and welded joints. Dynamic loads, Design of power screws, helical springs, Spur gears, clutches and brakes, Hydrodynamic lubrication, Journal bearings and anti friction bearings.

9.   Production Engineering : Metal casting processes, Melting and Pouring of cast iron, Ferrous and             non-ferrous metals and alloys, casting defects, Inspection of castings.  Hot and Cold working of metals. Metal joining processes.  Soldering brazing and welding, modern welding processes; Metal cutting tools – machine tool operations.  Non-traditional machining processes.

10.     Industrial Engineering And Management: Introduction to work study and method study. Principles of organization, types of organization types of ownership, functions of personnel management, functions of sales management. Materials management, inventory control, value analysis, scheduling & production control, PERT and CPM.

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admin Common Entrance Test CET, Post Graduate Entrance Exam, State Entrance Exams Karnataka PGCET

Karnataka PGCET Exam Syllabus for Mechanical Engineering

Post Graduate Common Entrance Test – 2009

(PGCET – 2009) for admission to M.E/M.Tech/M.Arch course in Karnataka

Visvesvaraya Technological University

“Jnana Sangma”‘  Machhe, Belgaum 590 014

Karnataka

MECHANICAL SCIENCE

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Syllabus

PART-B

Heat Transfer: Modes of Heat transfer, one dimensional heat conduction.  Fins Dimensionless parameters in convective heat transfer.  Forced convection heat transfer over flat plates and through tubes.  Free convection heat transfer over flat plates and cylinders, radiation, heat transfer, Heat exchangers, LMTD and NTU methods.

Industrial Management – Introduction, Management Function, Motivation and Behavior

Fluid Machines: Introduction, Principles of Hydraulic Machines, Impulse and Reaction Turbines, Steam Turbines.

Mechatronics: Introduction, Transducers, Mechatronic Elements, Pneumatic, Hydraulic, Electrical and Mechanical Actuation Systems, Signal Conditioning.

POM: Plant Layout , Plant Location, Forecasting, Scheduling , Inventory Control.

OR – LPP, Transportation, Assignment Problems, Inventory Control, PERT – CPM

CAD/ CAM:

Product Cycle, Elements of CAD/CAM system – Hardware and Software, modeling, Transformations, NC, CNC, Robots Configurations and Applications, Programming Language, Robotic Sensors.

Metrology and Measurements:

Limits, Fits & tolerances, types of gauges, comparators, Surface finish equipments, pressure, flow and strain measurement

Also Check out >> KARNATAKA PGCET COMMON ENTRANCE EXAM SYLLABUS

admin Common Entrance Test CET, Post Graduate Entrance Exam, State Entrance Exams Karnataka PGCET

Karnataka PGCET Exam Syllabus for Manufacturing Engineering

Post Graduate Common Entrance Test – 2009

(PGCET – 2009) for admission to M.E/M.Tech/M.Arch course in Karnataka

Visvesvaraya Technological University

“Jnana Sangma”‘  Machhe, Belgaum 590 014

Karnataka

MECHANICAL SCIENCE

MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

Syllabus

PART- B

OR – LPP, Transportation, Assignment Problems, Inventory Control, PERT – CPM

Theory Of Metal Cutting : Cutting Tools, Geometry , Materials, Measurement of Cutting Forces, Tool Wear and Life

Plasticity And Metal Forming : Yield Criteria, 2-D Plastic flow, Fundamentals of Metal Working , Drawing, Extrusion, Forging & Rolling.

Welding Technology: Introduction, Metal Joining Process, Welding Processes:- Pressure, gas and electric, Testing and Inspection.

Industrial Robotics: Robot components, Classification, Configuration, Direct and Inverse Kinematics, Robot Programming and Sensors.

Automation In Manufacturing: Automation: Definitions, reasons, high Volume Production Systems, Computerized Manufacturing Systems and Networks

CAD/ CAM

Product Cycle, Elements of CAD/CAM system – Hardware and Software, modeling, Transformations, NC, CNC machines.

Metrology And Measurements

Limits, Fits & tolerances, types of gauges, comparators, Surface finish equipments, pressure, flow and strain measurement

Also Check out >> KARNATAKA PGCET COMMON ENTRANCE EXAM SYLLABUS

admin Common Entrance Test CET, Post Graduate Entrance Exam, State Entrance Exams Karnataka PGCET

Karnataka PGCET Exam Syllabus for Industrial Engineering and Management

Post Graduate Common Entrance Test – 2009

(PGCET – 2009) for admission to M.E/M.Tech/M.Arch course in Karnataka

Visvesvaraya Technological University

“Jnana Sangma”‘  Machhe, Belgaum 590 014

Karnataka

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

Syllabus

Part – B

Work Study and Ergonomics- Productivity, Work Study, Method Study, Ergonomics.

Quality Management – Statistical Process Control, Control Charts, Inspection and Test – Sampling Plans

Industrial Management – Introduction, Management Function, Motivation and Behavior

MIS- Fundamentals, Business Application, Issues in Management Information Technology

DBMS- Introduction, Concepts and Architecture and Data Modeling

OR – LPP, Transportation, Assignment Problems, Inventory Control, PERT – CPM

Materials Management- Introduction, Purchasing, Stores: Inventory: Supply Chain Managements

CAD/ CAM

Product Cycle, Elements of CAD/CAM system – Hardware and Software, modeling, Transformations, NC, CNC, Robots Configurations and Applications, Programming Language, Robotic Sensors.

Metrology: Limits, fits, Tolerances, Gauges, Comparators, Surface Finish Measurements

Also Check out >> KARNATAKA PGCET COMMON ENTRANCE EXAM SYLLABUS

admin Common Entrance Test CET, Post Graduate Entrance Exam, State Entrance Exams Karnataka PGCET

Post Graduate Common Entrance Test – 2009

(PGCET – 2009) for admission to M.E/M.Tech/M.Arch course in Karnataka

Visvesvaraya Technological University

“Jnana Sangma”‘  Machhe, Belgaum 590 014

Karnataka

MECHANICAL SCIENCE

AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

Syllabus

PART – B

AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

Introduction, 2 Stroke and 4 Stroke Engines, Engine Components, Carbonation , Petrol and Diesel Fuel Injection, Combustion in S.I & C.I Engines , Engine Cooling.

Automotive Electrical & Electronics: Storage Batteries , Ignition System, Starter Motor, Charging System

Vehicle Dynamics: Undamped and Damped vibrations, Forced Vibrations, Vehicle Vibrations on Human Comfort

Automotive Component Design: Power for Propulsion, Design of I.C Engine Parts and Gear Box.

Metrology And Measuremtns: Limits, Fits & tolerances, types of gauges, comparators, Surface finish equipments, pressure, flow and strain measurement

CAD/ CAM: Product Cycle, Elements of CAD/CAM system–Hardware and Software, modeling, Transformations, NC, CNC, Robots Configurations and Applications, Programming Language, Robotic Sensors.

admin Common Entrance Test CET, Post Graduate Entrance Exam, State Entrance Exams Karnataka PGCET

Karnataka PGCET Exam Syllabus for MBA

Post Graduate Common Entrance Test – 2009

(PGCET – 2009) for admission to MBA course in Karnataka

Visvesvaraya Technological University

“Jnana Sangma”‘  Machhe, Belgaum 590 014

Karnataka

MBA SYLLABUS

SYLLABUS:

The Syllabus comprise of the following Question paper will have two parts:

PART ONE

Section A – Proficiency in English Language 25 Marks

Section B – Test of General Knowledge 25 Marks

PART TWO

Section C – Test of Reasoning & General Intelligence 25 Marks

Section D – Quantitative Analysis 25 Marks

Syllabus for MBA Entrance Test

PART – I

1. Proficiency in English Language :

(Section – A)

a. Synonyms

b. Antonyms

c. One word substitution

d. Ologies and Ographies

e. Idioms and phrases

f. Pairs expressing relationships

g. Grammar

h. Famous Books in English

Literature.

i. Sentence Correction & Vocabulary

2. General Knowledge : (Section – B)

a. Indian Business environment

b. Global environment

c. Social events

d. Cultural events

e. Economics

f. Management

g. Political events

h. Historical events

i. Current affairs

j. Sports

k. Awards

l. Personalities & Achievements

m. Science and technology

n. Humanities

PART – II

3. Test of Reasoning & General

Intelligence Section – C)

a. Puzzles

b. Diagrams

c. Analogy

d. Logic

e. Verbal Ability

f. Analytical Ability

g. Related Aspects

4. Quantitative Analysis: (Section – D)

a. Arithmetic

b. Data Analysis & Interpretation

c. Statistics

d. Related Quantitative Aspects

Also Check out >> KARNATAKA PGCET COMMON ENTRANCE EXAM SYLLABUS

admin Common Entrance Test CET, Post Graduate Entrance Exam, State Entrance Exams Karnataka PGCET

Karnataka PGCET Exam Syllabus for MCA

Post Graduate Common Entrance Test – 2009

(PGCET – 2009) for admission to MCA course in Karnataka

Visvesvaraya Technological University

“Jnana Sangma”‘  Machhe, Belgaum 590 014

Karnataka

MCA SYLLABUS AND MODEL QUESTION PAPER

The question paper shall comprise of 80 questions to be answered in 2 hours time. All the

questions are of objective type with 4 choices for the answer out of which only one shall be correct, which the candidate has to mark. There shall be two parts A & B. Part – A shall consist of 60 questions of 1 mark each and Part – B shall consist of 20 questions of 2 marks each covering the full syllabus. If a question has not been attempted, no credit will be given. The syllabus shall comprise of the following broad areas:

Sl. No.                                     Subject Marks

1                                              Mathematics                                                    40

2                                              Computer Awareness                                      20

3                                              Analytical Ability & Logical Reasoning         15

4                                              General Awareness                                         10

5                                              General English                                               15

Total 100

1. Mathematics

Algebra: Fundamental operations in Algebra, Expansion, Factorization, Simultaneous

Linear/Quadratic equations, Indices, Logarithms, Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic

progressions, Binomial theorem, Permutations and Combinations, Surds, Determinants,

Matrices and application to solution of simultaneous linear equations

Co-Ordinate Geometry: Rectangular Cartesian co-ordinates, Equations of Line, Mid-point, Intersections etc., Equations of a Circle, Distance formulae, Pair of straight lines, Parabola, Ellipse and Hyperbola, Simple Geometric transformations such as Translation, Rotation, Scaling.

Vector: Position vector, Addition and Subtraction of Vectors, Scalar and Vector products.

Trigonometry: Simple identities, Trigonometric equations, Properties of triangles, Inverse function.

Probability and Statistics: Basic concept of Probability theory, Averages, Dependent and Independent events, Frequency distributions and measures of dispersions, Skewness and Kurtosis, Random variable and Distribution functions, Mathematical Expectations, Binomial, Poisson, Normal distributions, Curve fitting and Principle of Least Squares, Correlation and Regression.

2. Computer Awareness

Computer Basics: Organization of a Computer, Central Processing Unit (CPU), Input/

Output devices, Computer memory, Back-up devices, Computer Languages, Operating

Systems.

Data Representation: Representation of Characters, Integers and Fractions, Binary and

Hexadecimal representations, Binary arithmetic: Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication,

Division, Two’s complement arithmetic, Floating-point representation of numbers,

Normalized Floating-point representation.

3. Analytical Ability and Logical Reasoning:

The question in this section will cover Logical reasoning, Quantitative reasoning and Visuospatial reasoning.

4. General Awareness

This section shall carry questions to test the general awareness about Business, Finance,

Industry, Transportation, Scientific inventions, Governance, Healthcare and Cultural

dimensions etc.

5. General English:

Questions on Grammar and Vocabulary.

Also Check out >> KARNATAKA PGCET COMMON ENTRANCE EXAM SYLLABUS

admin Common Entrance Test CET, Post Graduate Entrance Exam, State Entrance Exams Karnataka PGCET

Karnataka PGCET Exam Syllabus for Environmental Engineering

Post Graduate Common Entrance Test – 2009

(PGCET – 2009) for admission to M.E/M.Tech/M.Arch course in Karnataka

Visvesvaraya Technological University

“Jnana Sangma”‘  Machhe, Belgaum 590 014

Karnataka

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Syllabus

Environmental Chemistry, Biology and Ecology: Chemistry: Basic concepts of physical chemistry – Osmosis, Dialysis, Adsorption, Pollution Parameters – pH, COD, BOD, DO, TOC, Nitrogen, Fluoride, Sanitary Significance of Sulphate, Nitrates and Phosphates.

Microbiology: Plant kingdom, Animal kingdom, Morphology and Growth of Bacteria, Air, Water and Soil, Microbiology, Virology, Microbial Metabolism of Pesticides ad Heavy Metals.

Ecology: Ecosystem concepts, Food Chain and Food Web.  Energy Flow in Ecosystem – Lotic and Lentic Systems, Eutrophication of Lakes. Population Growth Forms, Carrying Capacity, quantitative Ecology, Concept of Ecosystem.

Environmental Fluid Mechanics And Water Resources Engineering: Fluid properties and classifications, Newton’s Law of Viscosity, Fluid Pressure and its measurements; Hydrostatics, Kinematics of Fluids, Bernoulli’s equation, Momentum equation; Flow through Pipes – Darcy’s equation, Friction factors, Pipes in Series, Parallel and equivalent pipe, minor losses; Flow measurements – Orifices, Mouthpieces, Notches, and Weirs; Flow in Open Channels – Uniform Flow, most economical sections, specific energy, critical flow, hydraulic jump; Water Hammer in pipes, impact of Jet on Vanes, Turbines – types; Pumps – Types, working and problems; Quantitative and Qualitative Hydrologic Cycle, Precipitation and Runoff Estimation. Unit Hydrographs, Stream Flow Analysis – time series, return period, mass diagrams for computing storage capacity, stream flow measurement; Groundwater – Definitions, type of Aquifers; Well Hydraulics – Steady state, Basic equation of groundwater flow. Open and Tube wells – type. Yield estimation, drilling maintenance of borewells; Artificial recharge, water conservation and Reuse, Soil conservation, Economic aspects of water resource planning.

Water Supply and Treatment: Drinking and Industrial Water Quality Standards; Water Quantity based on various demands; Types of intakes, raising main economics, Pumps in series and parallel. Hazen William Equations, Types of reservoirs, Preventive maintenance, regional water supply system;  Physico-chemical and Bacteriological characterization of water – surface and sub-surface; Aeration, coagulation and Flocculation, Sedimentation, Filtration  – slow rapid and pressure; Hardness and colour removal; Disinfection process – Mode, rate and factors; Corrosion and corrosion control; Operation and Maintenance of water treatment system.

Wastewater and Treatment:  Quantity of Domestic Wastewater, characteristic wastewater, Disposal of  Sullage water in rural areas; Classification of Watewater Treatment Techniques – Unit operations and process; Screening, Grit Chamber, primary, sedimentation; Biological units: Suspended and fixed growth system, Aerobic and Anaerobic systems, activated sludge process, Trickling filters, RBC, Biofilter, Secondary sedimentation tank, Stabilization ponds – aerobic, facultative and Anaerobic Lagoons, Septic tanks, digesters, sludge drying beds; Industrial Wastewater Survey; Variation in Quantity and Quality of Industrial wastewater; Guidelines for discharge of Industrial Effluent on land into Muncipal Sewers and Natural water; Joint treatment, volume reduction, strength reduction, equalization neutralization and proportioning; Estimation of process kinetic parameters; Origin, characteristics and treatment of cane sugar industry, diary, distilleries and pharmaceuticals; Wastewater reuse and waste recovery from different industries.

Solid and Hazardous Wastes Management: Sources, Composition and properties of Municipal Solid Wastes, Solid Waste Generation, storage and processing at source; Landfill – Classifications, types, control of gases and leachates, preliminary design of  landfills; Separation, Transformation and recycling – size reduction, density separation; Thermal processing – combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, energy recovery; Composting – Aerobic and Anaerobic digestion and energy production; Incineration – Types, processes, heat recovery, incineration products; Definition, sources and classification of Hazardous waste; Characterization of Harardous Waste – Ignitability, Corrosivity, Reactivity, Toxicity, Quantification, Waste Minimization; Toxicology – Toxic effects, Carcinogens, Ecotoxicology, Toxicology Assessment; Physico-chemical and Biological treatment – Air stripping, Soil vapor extraction, carbon absorption, steam stripping, stabilization and solidification. Slurry phase and solid phase treatment.  Thermal methods – combustion, liquid injection; Land disposal and site remediation, monitoring of disposal sites.

Atmospheric Pollution and Control: Atmospheric structure and composition, Air pollution episodes; Sources and classification of air pollutants – Natural and anthropogenic, primary and secondary pollutants.  Properties of major air pollutants along with sources and sinks – particulate and gases, photochemical air pollutants, air pollution due to automobiles; Air pollution effects on human health and welfare, vegetation, animals, materials and structure/ monuments, visibility problem, acid rain, green house effect, Ozone depletion and heat island effect; Measurement of air pollutants – Measurement of gaseous and particulate pollutants, sample train, air pollution indices and index; Air pollution Meterology – scales, factors like heat, solar radiation, temperature, lapse rate, wind, humidity, precipitation, mixing height, pressure atmospheric stability conditions, wind velocity by profile, windrose diagram; Atmospheric dispersion of stack effects – Plume rise, effective stack height, plume rise formulations, gaussian dispersion coefficients, ground level concentration; Air pollution control equipments – setting chambers, inertial separators, cyclones, fabric filters, scrubbers, ESP. Control of gaseous pollutants – adsorption, absorption, combustion and condensation.

Transport Processes and Water Quality Assessment: Process Dynamics – Transport and Reaction Process, Material Balance, Kinetic Approach to Equilibrium; Mechanics of Mass Transport – Diffusive Mass Transport and convective Mass Transport in Molecular and Turbulent Flow Regimes; Chemical Thermodynamics – Free Energy, Entropy Formation, Effects of Ionic Strength on the value of equilibrium constant. Simultaneous reactions. Factors affecting equilibrium concentration and their temperature effects; Process Kinetics – First order reaction, parallel, reversible and enzyme reaction; Gas Absorption and Adsorption, Particle treatment, Ion exchange and electrodialysis; Groundwater Quality – Basic Differential Equation, 1-D  and 2-D approaches; Ultimate Disposal of wastewater in water bodies and on land; Wastewater disposal in rivers – effects of Oxygen demanding outfall, pipe and diffuser outfall; Wastewater disposal in Lakes – Steady state ‘DO’ analysis for completely mixed and stratified lake, nutrient loading; Wastewater disposal in estuaries – characteristics of Eastuarian flow regime; Wastewater disposal on land – application rate, leaching factor, SAR, Microbial effects on soils; Subsurface Water Quality Assessment – Impacts of point source, discharge and leachate from landfill sites.

Environmental Impact Assessment: Introduction – Rapid and comprehensive EIA, Need of EIA studies.  Baseline data.  Hierarchy in EIA, Statutory requirements of EIA; Advantages and Limitation of EIA, Step-bystep Proceudre for conducting EIA; Objective and Scope of EIA; Environmental attributes, Public participation in EIA, Environmental and Dsiaster Management Plans; Project Activities – Attribute, Activity relationships, Matrices and BEES; Impact Quantifications – Hazardous Waste Dumpsites, Sanitary Landfilling; EIA of Infrastructural  Projects – Highways, Airports, Water supply and  Sanitation, Wastewater treatment; EIA of Construction projects – Effects and Mitigation; EIA of Water Shed Development Programme (Reservoirs, Dams, Irrigation and Agricultural Activity); EIA of Power projects – Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear; EIA of Industrial Developmental Process.
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Karnataka PGCET Exam Syllabus for Electrical Sciences

Post Graduate Common Entrance Test – 2009

(PGCET – 2009) for admission to M.E/M.Tech/M.Arch course in Karnataka

Visvesvaraya Technological University

“Jnana Sangma”‘  Machhe, Belgaum 590 014

Karnataka

ELECTRICAL SCIENCES

Note:-

1) Part-A  Common to E&E, E&C&TE, Instrumentation, Bio Medical & Medical Electronics & Carrying 60% weightage.

2) Part-B Syllabus is different for different disciplines & Carrying 40% weightage

3) Candidate has to answer Part – B, pertaining to their basic degree, which carries 40% weightage along with    Part – A which is common to E&E, E&C&TE, Instrumentation, Bio Medical & Medical Electronics.

PART- A Common to E&E, E&C&TE, Instrumentation

PART A

1. Engineering Mathematics:

Linear Algebra: Matrices and Determinants, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and Eigen Vectors

Calculus: Limit, Continuity and Differentiability; Partial Derivatives; Maxima and Minima ; Sequences and Series; Test for convergence; Fourier series.

Vector Calculus: Gradient; Divergence and Curl; Line; Surface and Volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems.

Differential Equations: Linear and non-linear first order ODEs; Higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Laplace transforms; PDEs – Laplace, heat and wave equations.

Probability and Statistics : Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis.

Numerical Methods: Solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; Integration of trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; single and multi-step methods for differential equations.

2. Electric Circuits & Fields:

Network Topology : Graph of Network, concept of tree, links, tie set schedule, cutset schedule

Circuit Concepts: Source transformation, circuit analysis using loop current and node voltage methods, star-delta conversion, dual networks and concept of controlled sources. Network theorems, Resonant circuits, locus diagrams, Coupled circuits, polyphase circuits. Laplace transformations and applications, Non sinusoidal waveforms, initial conditions.

Network Functions: Network functions of one and two port networks, driving point & transfer functions, concepts of poles and zeroes.

Two-port Network: Y and Z Parameters and h –Parameters of two port networks. PR functions & Hurwitz Polynomial, Gauss’s theorem, electric field intensity and plane charges, capacitance of parallel plates and coaxial cylinders. Ampere’s and Biot-Savart’s laws, inductance of long and short solenoids.

3.  Analog & Digital Electronics:

Analog Electronics: Transistor biasing and bias stability, Class A, Class B & Class C Amplifiers, small signal h-parameter equivalent circuit of transistor. Expression for current gain, voltage gain, input impedance. RC coupled amplifier, frequency response, half power frequencies, bandwidth, factors influencing the bandwidth

RC Coupled emitter follower amplifier, current gain, voltage gain, input & output impedance, applications

FET-RC coupled Amplifier:

Power Amplifiers: Class A, Class B, push pull and Class C power amplifiers, max power output  Driving power requirements.

Feed back amplifiers & oscillators: Concept of positive & negative feed back advantages of negative feedback. Voltage & current feed back, effect of the same on performance characteristics. Condition for oscillation, Weinbridge oscillator, expression for frequency of oscillation, Crystal oscillators, voltage regulator, operational amplifiers, comparator, ZCD, precision rectifier, I to V & V to I converters, instrumentation amplifiers, square wave, triangular wave & saw tooth wave generator.

Wave shaping circuits: Clipping, Clamping, integrator & differentiator circuits.

Digital Electronics: Digital signals, Boolean constants and variables, Basic logic operations, AND. OR, NOR gates and realization or truth tables, Boolean expressions, simplification.

Number Systems & codes: Decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal, binary coded decimal; octal, hex numbers. Excess 3 and Gray codes, binary arithmetic.

Karnaugh map method of obtaining logic expressions, maxterm, minterm realization of logic functions using basic gates & also using NAND & NOR gates. Half adder, Full Adder.

Flip- Flops: R-S flip-flop, Clocked R-S, D-FF,  JK, Master Slave JK-FF, Edge triggered flip-flops

Sequential Logic : Registers, Shift registers, asynchronous counters, synchronous counters sequential circuits. A/D and D/A converters, Multiplexers, Demultiplexers.

Semiconductor memories : RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROMS

4. Control Systems:

Basic control system concepts, transfer function, Block Diagram reduction, signal flow graph, DC & AC scrvomotors & their TF; analogous systems F-V, F-I analogies, Time domain and frequency domain analysis.

Stability : Absolute and relative stability, RH criterion. Polar plots, phase cross over & gain cross over frequencies.

Bode plots, phase plot and gain plot, determination of gain and phase margins Nyquist stability criterion: Principle of mapping of Nyquist path, gain margin, phase margin. Nyquist stability criterion. Root locus.

State space technique, state variables, state model of linear systems, solution of state equation, state transition matrix.

5.   Microprocessors:

8085 architecture, Instruction set, Addressing modes, Timing Diagram.

Programming : Main and subroutine programs, Conditional call and return, counter and delay subroutines

Interrupts : Vector interrupts, interrupts routines, Restart instructions.

Memory & I/O Interfacing : Memory map and I/O map methods & interfacing devices, 8255 (PPI),  8253(PIT), 8259(PIC).  Architecture and Instructions of 8 bit micro controller.

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